MACHINE GUARDING Su b O pa S r

MACHINE GUARDING Su b O pa S r 2 H 19 9 A t O 10 CF. R 2 21 1 9 1 - Bureau of Workers Comp PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) PPT-027 -02 1

General Requirements 29 CFR 1910. 212 Damaged guardshould be repaired or replaced PPT-027 -02 2

1910. 212(a)(1) Types of Guarding • One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by: – Point of operation – Ingoing nip points – Rotating parts – Flying chips/sparks PPT-027 -02 3

Standard Interpretations Machine Guarding Requirements • By not specifying the types of guards, this standard is referred to as a "performance standard” (i. e. , the employer is free to adopt a guard that "performs” or meets the objective of protecting employees from the hazards). • If OSHA had specified the types of machine guards that must be used, the standard would be a "specification standard. ” PPT-027 -02 4

1910. 212(a)(2) General Requirements for Machine Guards shall be affixed to the machine (where possible) and secured elsewhere if attachment to the machine is not possible. The guard shall be such that it does not offer an accident hazard in itself. PPT-027 -02 5

1910. 212(a)(3) Point of Operation (i) Point of operation = area on a machine where work is actually performed upon the material being processed. (ii) The point of operation on machines where operation exposes an employee to injury shall be guarded. PPT-027 -02 6

1910. 212(a)(3) Point of Operation • (ii) The guarding device shall be in conformity with any appropriate standards, or • In the absence of applicable specific standards, shall be so designed and constructed so as to prevent the operator from having any part of his/her body in the danger zone during the operating cycle. PPT-027 -02 7

1910. 212(a)(3)(iii) Hand Tools Special hand tools for placing and removing material shall be such as to permit easy handling of material without the operator placing a hand in the danger zone*. *Such tools shall not be in lieu of other guarding, but can only be used to supplement protection provided. PPT-027 -02 8

1910. 212(a)(3)(iv) Examples of Machines Types of machines that normally require point of operation guarding: • Mills • Drills • Grinders • Power Presses • Shears • Saws PPT-027 -02 9

1910. 212(a)(4) Barrels, Containers and Drums Revolving drums, barrels, containers: • Shall be guarded by an enclosure that is interlocked. • Must prohibit movement, unless guard enclosure is in place. PPT-027 -02 10

1910. 212(a)(5) Exposure of Blades Is this fan blade properly guarded? When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less than seven (7) feet above the floor or working level, the blades shall be guarded. NO! The guard shall have openings no larger than one-half (1/2) inch. PPT-027 -02 11

1910. 212(b) Anchoring Fixed Machinery Machines designed for a fixed location shall be securely anchored to prevent walking or moving. This pedestal grinder is designed for anchoring but is not anchored, creating a potential hazard. PPT-027 -02 12

CPL 2 -1. 35 National Emphasis Program on Amputations • Identify and reduce workplace hazards likely to cause amputations. • Top five machines that cause amputations are: – Saws – Slitters – Slicers – Shears – Presses PPT-027 -02 13

Saws • Used primarily in woodworking and manufacturing shops • Two types – Table – Radial arm • Other types include: Hand held Band saw PPT-027 -02 Miter saw 14

Shears • Self-contained machines using a mechanically driven ram. • Ram moves a nonrotary blade at a constant rate past the edge of fixed blade. PPT-027 -02 15

Slicers • Commonly used to slice meat and food. • Use rotary blade. • Guillotine cutters used in other industries. • Most injuries occur in restaurants and grocery stores. PPT-027 -02 16

Power Presses • National Emphasis Program, or NEP, covers all types of power presses. • Presses consist of stationary bed and slide. • Used in a variety of industries. PPT-027 -02 17

Program Procedures • NEP includes three activities: – Outreach • If present, a thorough inspection will be conducted focusing on: – Nip points – Targeting/selection – Pinch points – Inspection – Shear points – Cutting actions – Point(s) of operation PPT-027 -02 18

Woodworking Machinery 29 CFR 1910. 213 PPT-027 -02 19

1910. 213 Woodworking Machinery Requirements • (a)(11)The frames and all exposed metal parts of portable electric woodworking machinery operated at more than 90 volts to ground shall be grounded. • Portable motors driving electric tools which are hand held shall be grounded. • The ground shall be a separate ground wire and polarized plug and receptacle. PPT-027 -02 20

1910. 213(b) Machine Controls and Equipment A mechanical or electrical power control: • Shall be provided on each machine. • Makes it possible for operator to cut off power from machine without leaving his/her position at point of operation. PPT-027 -02 21

1910. 213(b)(3) Non-Restart Devices On applications where injury to the operator might result if motors were to restart after power failures: • Provision shall be made to prevent machines from automatically restarting upon restoration of power. PPT-027 -02 22

1910. 213(c)(2) Spreaders Each hand-fed circular ripsaw shall be furnished with a spreader to prevent material from squeezing the saw or being thrown back on the operator. Spreader PPT-027 -02 23

1910. 213(c)(3) -kickback Fingers Non Each hand-fed circular ripsaw shall be provided with nonkickback fingers or dogs so located as to oppose thrust or tendency of the saw to pick up the material or to throw it back toward the operator. PPT-027 -02 24

1910. 213(g)(1) Swing Cutoff Saws Each swing cutoff saw shall be provided with a hood that will completely enclose the upper half of the saw, the arbor end, and the point of operation at all positions of the saw. PPT-027 -02 25

1910. 213(h) Radial Saws • Upper hood completely encloses the upper portion of the blade, including the end of the saw arbor. • Radial saws used for ripping shall be provided with nonkickback fingers or dogs located on both sides of the saw (prevents material from being picked up or thrown back toward the operator). PPT-027 -02 26

1910. 213(i) Band Saws • Band saw wheels shall be fully encased. • Outside periphery of cover shall be solid. • The front and back of the band wheels shall be either enclosed by solid material or by wire mesh. PPT-027 -02 27

Treadle Each operating treadle shall be covered by an inverted U-shaped metal guard, fastened to the floor and of adequate size to prevent accidental tripping. PPT-027 -02 28

Abrasive Wheel Machinery 29 CFR 1910. 215 PPT-027 -02 29

1910. 215(a)(2) Guard Design • The safety guard shall cover the spindle end, nut and flange projections. • The safety guard shall be mounted so as to maintain proper alignment with the wheel. No end guards on this device! PPT-027 -02 30

1910. 215(a)(4) Work Rests • For off-hand grinding: work rests are required to support the work. • Rigid construction and adjustable with wheel wear. • Must be kept closely adjusted (max gap = 1/8”) to prevent work from jamming & breaking wheel. Work rest is closely adjusted PPT-027 -02 31

1910. 215(b)(9) Exposure Adjustment • Safety guards of the type where the operator stands in front of the opening shall be adjusted to the constantly decreasing size of the wheel. • The distance between the periphery and the adjustable tongue guard shall never exceed one-fourth inch. PPT-027 -02 32

1910. 215 (d) Mounting “Ring Test” • “Sound” the wheel by tapping around its periphery with a wooden handled screwdriver. • Good wheel portions will “ring” like a bell. • Cracks will sound “dead. ” PPT-027 -02 33

1910. 215 (d) Mounting Must check spindle speed of machine before mounting wheel to be certain it doesn’t exceed maximum operating speed marked on wheel. Compare this number to the spindle speed on the grinder motor. PPT-027 -02 34

Mechanical Power Presses 29 CFR 1910. 217 PPT-027 -02 35

Definitions • "Press" - Mechanically powered machine that shears, punches, forms or assembles metal or other material by means of cutting, shaping or combination dies attached to slides. • A press consists of: - Stationary bed or anvil, and - A slide (or slides) having a controlled reciprocating motion toward the bed surface. - Slide guided in a definite path by the frame of the press. PPT-027 -02 36

Definitions “Guard” – barrier that prevents entry of operator’s hands or fingers into the point of operation. PPT-027 -02 37

Definitions "Device" means a press control or attachment that: Restrains the operator from inadvertently reaching into the point of operation, or Prevents normal press operation if the operator's hands are inadvertently within the point of operation, or … PPT-027 -02 38

Definitions Automatically withdraws the operator's hands if inadvertently within the point of operation as the dies close. Prevents the initiation of a stroke, or stops a stroke in progress, when there is an intrusion through the sensing field by any object. PPT-027 -02 39

1910. 217(b)(2) Brakes Friction brakes provided for stopping or holding a slide movement: • Shall be inherently self-engaging. • Require power or force from an external source to cause disengagement. PPT-027 -02 40

1910. 217(b)(6) Two-Hand Trip Controls • Hand controls protected against unintentional operation. • Two-hand trip systems on full revolution clutch machines shall incorporate an anti-repeat feature. PPT-027 -02 41

1910. 217(c)(2) Point of Operation Guards • Shall prevent entry of hands or fingers into the point of operation by reaching through, over, under or around the guard. • Shall conform to the maximum permissible openings of Table O-10. PPT-027 -02 42

Table O-10 (In Inches) ________________________ | Distance of opening from point | Maximum width of of operation hazard | opening ______________ |_________ | 1/2 to 1 1/2. . . . | 1/4 1 1/2 to 2 1/2. . . . | 3/8 2 1/2 to 3 1/2. . . . | 1/2 3 1/2 to 5 1/2. . . . | 5/8 5 1/2 to 6 1/2. . . . | 3/4 6 1/2 to 7 1/2. . . . | 7/8 7 1/2 to 12 1/2. . . | 1 1/4 12 1/2 to 15 1/2. . . | 1 1/2 15 1/2 to 17 1/2. . … | 1 7/8 17 1/2 to 31 1/2. . . | 2 1/8 ______________ |_________ PPT-027 -02 43

Presence Sensing Devices May not be used on machines with full revolution clutches! PPT-027 -02 44

1910. 217(c)(3)(iv)(d) Pull-Out Device • Each pull-out device in use shall be visually inspected and checked for proper adjustment at the start of each operator shift, following a new die set-up and when operators are changed. • Necessary maintenance, repair, or both, shall be performed and completed before the press is operated. • Records of inspections and maintenance shall b kept in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section. PPT-027 -02 45

Pull Back Devices Pullback device Adjustable wrist straps PPT-027 -02 46

Prime Mover Guards 29 CFR 1910. 219 • Flywheels • Pulleys • Belt, rope and chain drives • Gears and sprockets • Shafts PPT-027 -02 47

1910. 219(b)(1) Flywheels • Flywheels seven feet or less above the ground shall be guarded by: • Sheet, perforated or expanded metal or woven wire; • Guard rails between 15 to 20 inches from flywheel rim; • Toe board if within 12 inches of floor or extends into a pit. • All projections shall be covered. PPT-027 -02 48

1910. 219. (c) Shaft • Projecting end shafts shall present a smooth edge and project not more than onehalf the diameter of the shaft. • Unused key ways shall be filled up or covered. PPT-027 -02 49

1910. 219(d) Pulleys • Pulleys seven feet or less from floor or working platform shall be guarded in accordance with the standards specified in paragraphs (m) and (o). • Pulleys serving as balance wheels (e. g. , punch presses) on which the point of contact between belt and pulley is more than six feet six inches from the floor or platform, may be guarded with a disc covering the spokes. PPT-027 -02 50

1910. 219(o)(2) Wooden Guards Wooden guards may be used in: • Woodworking industry, • Chemical industry, • Industries where there is presence of fumes, • Industries where manufacturing conditions can cause rapid deterioration of metal guards, • Construction work and outdoors, where extreme cold or heat make metal guards and railings undesirable. PPT-027 -02 51

Summary • If it moves, turns, spins, reciprocates, cuts, etc. , GUARD IT! • Guard: point of operation, ingoing nip points, pinch points, rotating parts, against flying objects/chips. • Guards should not be a hazard in and of themselves. • Guards should not be removed unless working on the machine and lock-out/tag-out (LOTO) is in place. • Ensure guards are put back on after working on machinery. PPT-027 -02 52

Bottom Line Guards are there for your safety; use them you may suffer the consequences! PPT-027 -02 or 53

Questions PPT-027 -02 54