Lysosomes By Adrian and Sam General Information Digestive

Lysosomes By: Adrian and Sam

General Information ● Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed ● Exists in many eukaryotic cells (in plant cellshydrolysis of macromolecules takes place in central vacuole) ● Lysosomes help cells to continually renew themselves through the process of autophagy

Structure ● Made by rough endoplasmic reticulum--->further processed in golgi apparatus--->bud from trans(outgoing)face of golgi apparatus ● They are membranous sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes and contain proteins on the inner surface that have unique shapes to protect bonds from being broken down by internal enzymes. ● Enzymes within lysosome work best in the acidic environment that exists within the lysosome membrane---> ( if some leak into surrounding cytosol not much would happen due to neutral environment, but if enough of the hydrolytic enzymes leak or break out of lysosome membrane, the cell could possibly be destroyed by self-digestion)

Function ● Main Function- Intracellular Digestion-(digestion within the cell) Phagocytosis Autophagy -The engulfment (eating) of food or organisms -The recycling of the cell’s own organic material. -The “food vacuole” (or bacteria in case of macrophages) that is absorbed into the cell fuses to the lysosome vesicle, then the lysosome’s enzymes digest the food and pass the digestion products (simple sugars, amino acids, other monomers) into the cells cytosol where they become nutrients for the cell. damages organelle or section of cytosol to be recycled is first enclosed by a double membrane (of unknown origin)-->the lysosome vesicle fuses to this membrane--->lysosolic enzymes break down inner membrane and contents> newly broken down small organic compounds are then released back into cell for further use.

SOURCE Urry, Lisa A. et al. Campbell Biology. 11 th edition. New York: Pearson. 2017. Print