LYSOSOMES AND TAYSACHS DISEASE By Imani Arnold ORGANELLE

LYSOSOMES AND TAY-SACH'S DISEASE By: Imani Arnold

ORGANELLE STRUCTURE Structure Single membrane Enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes , that break down macromolecules Shape varies cell to cell Location Floats in the cytoplasm until they're needed

FUNCTION OF LYSOSOMES Used to digest macromolecules, Breaks down a variety of things like foods or cells breaks up worn down cell components Trash clean up (or Garbage disposal) Little digestion machines Breaks down food but if there is no food for the cell that the lysosomes breaks down they'll digest the cell organelles for nutrients based off of a signal

CELL PATHOLOGY Tay- Sach's Disease

TAY- SACH'S Description Autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in both alleles of the gene (HEXA), normally degrade lipids GM 2 ganglioside In Tay-Sach's individual enzyme is absent or present in reduced amounts, allowing accumulation of GM 2 Defective gene on chromosome 15 Potentially destroys brain cells

DETAILS OF THE DISEASE The body recycles lipids and fatty acids with an enzyme Hexosaminidase A or Hex A. The DNA of people with this disease lack the ability to properly make Hex A is made but the hooks the cell uses to move around Hex A are wrong. Tay- Sach's is a recessive disease caused by mutations in both alleles of the gene (HEXA). Normally HEXA enzymes will degrade lipids specifically the GM 2 ganglioside. In Tay. Sach's individual enzyme is absent or present in reduced amounts, allowing accumulation of GM 2. The lysosomes swell to large proportions and build up fatty material in the nerve cell. Neurodegeneration depends on speed and degree of GM 2 accumulations in brain cells, which depends on HEX A present in the body. Tay- Sach's is a very rare disease with a missing enzyme formed by a defective gene on chromosome 15.

REFERENCES http: //www. mhhe. com/biosci/ap/vander/student/olc/h-reading 10. html http: //www. biology 4 kids. com/files/cell_lysosome. html http: //quatr. us/biology/cells/taysachs. htm https: //sites. google. com/site/cellworldfolife/laboring-lysosome http: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK 22250/ https: //www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001417. htm http: //019221 f. netsolhost. com/carrierstats. shtml