Lymphatic System Copyright 2006 by Elsevier Inc Determinants

Lymphatic System Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Determinants of Lymph Flow Figure 16 -11; Guyton and Hall • The degree of activity of the lymphatic pump - smooth muscle filaments in lymph vessel cause them to contract - external compression also contributes to lymphatic pumping Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Determinants of Lymph Flow Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure Lymph Flow Figure 16 -9; Guyton and Hall Figure 16 -10; Guyton and Hall Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Factors affecting Central Venous Pressure Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Figure 15 -9; Guyton and Hall

Venous Pressure in the Body Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Figure 15 -10; Guyton and Hall

Venous Valves Deep vein Perforating vein Superficial vein Valve Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Cardiac Output Curves Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

CARDIAC OUTPUT (L/min) 25 HYPEREFFECTIVE 20 15 NORMAL 10 5 HYPOEFFECTIVE 0 -4 0 +4 +8 RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE (mm. Hg) Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

The Cardiac Output Curve • Plateau of CO curve determined by heart strength (contractility + HR) Sympathetics Þ plateau • ¯ Parasympathetics (HR )Þ • Plateau • Heart hypertrophy Þ ’s plateau • Myocardial infarction Þ (? plateau) • ¯ Plateau Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

The Cardiac Output Curve • Point at which plateau occurs on CO curve is determined by heart strength (contractility and HR) Sympathetics Þ plateau ¯ Parasympathetics (HR ) Þ (? plateau) Heart hypertrophy Þ ’s plateau Myocardial infarction Þ (? plateau) Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Arterial Baroreceptor Reflex Blood Pressure Arterial Baroreceptors Vasomotor Center Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Anatomy of the Baroreceptors Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Figure 18 -5; Guyton and Hall

Response of the Baroreceptors to Arterial Pressure Figure 18 -6; Guyton and Hall Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Response of the Baroreceptors to Pressure Constrict Common Carotids Pressure at Carotid Sinuses Arterial Pressure Constrictors Figure 18 -5; Guyton and Hall Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Figure 18 -7; Guyton and Hall

Functions of the Baroreceptors • Maintains relatively constant pressure despite changes in body posture. Supine Standing Decrease Central Blood Volume Sympathetic Nervous Activity Decrease Cardiac Output Vasomotor Center Sensed By Baroreceptors Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Decrease Arterial Pressure

Carotid and Aortic Chemoreceptors Figure 18 -5; Guyton and Hall O 2 CO 2 p. H Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc. Chemoreceptors VMC Sympathetic activity BP