Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter LRO Overview CRa TER PDR

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Overview CRa. TER PDR 6/27/2005 Craig Tooley/431 5/22/2005

2008 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) First Step in the Robotic Lunar Exploration Program LRO Objectives • Characterization of the lunar radiation environment, biological impacts, and potential mitigation. Key aspects of this objective include determining the global radiation environment, investigating the capabilities of potential shielding materials, and validating deep space radiation prototype hardware and software. • Develop a high resolution global, three dimensional geodetic grid of the Moon and provide the topography necessary for selecting future landing sites. • Assess in detail the resources and environments of the Moon’s polar regions. • High spatial resolution assessment of the Moon’s surface addressing elemental composition, mineralogy, and Regolith characteristics Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5/22/2005 2

LRO Mission Overview Science and Exploration Objectives ICE (Resources) Human adaptation Biological adaptation to lunar environment (radiation, gravitation, dust. . . ) Topography & Environments Environs Polar Regions GEOLOGY Understand the current state and evolution of the volatiles (ice) and other resources in context Develop an understanding of the Moon in support of human exploration (hazards, topography, Prepare for Human Exploration navigation, environs) When • Where • Form • Amount Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5/22/2005 3

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Mission LRO Payload • Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) Measurement Investigation – LOLA will determine the global topography of the lunar surface at high resolution, measure landing site slopes and search for polar ices in shadowed regions. • Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) – LROC will acquire targeted images of the lunar surface capable of resolving small-scale features that could be landing site hazards, as well as wide-angle images at multiple wavelengths of the lunar poles to document changing illumination conditions and potential resources. • Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) – LEND will map the flux of neutrons from the lunar surface to search for evidence of water ice and provide measurements of the space radiation environment which can be useful for future human exploration. • Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment – Diviner will map the temperature of the entire lunar surface at 300 meter horizontal scales to identify cold-traps and potential ice deposits. • Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) – LAMP will observe the entire lunar surface in the far ultraviolet. LAMP will search for surface ices and frosts in the polar regions and provide images of permanently shadowed regions illuminated only by starlight. • Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRa. TER) – CRa. TER will investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays on tissue-equivalent plastics as a constraint on models of biological response to background space radiation. Early LRO Conceptual Design LRO Timeline 2004 4/6 FBO 6/18 12/22 AO Release AO Select NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 2006 2005 2007 10/15 Confirm 7/26 PDR 6/26 CDR Craig Tooley/431 4/2 MOR 5/22/2005 12/3 PE R 10/15 Instrument Delivery 2009 2008 Extend Missi 7/15 MRR 10/15 LRD 11/15 EOM 4

LRO Mission Overview LRO Payload – Instruments & Data Products Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5/22/2005 5

LRO Project Status • All instrument TIM completed. • Level 1 ESMD requirements document draft released for review, to go to ESMD PMC during June. • MRD (level 2 requirements) released for review and PDR use. • Propulsion subsystem procurement RFP to be released by end of June. • Ground Network requirements baselined, acquisition of 18 m S/Ka antenna at WSGT in progress. • LRO directed to accommodate Mini-RF as technology Demonstration – Modest impact to mission resources – Impacts ongoing spacecraft design – slip PDR to September 2005 • RLE Program and LRO Project moved from HQ SMD to HQ ESMD, transition in progress. – May have some near-term impacts to planned review activites • LRO anticipates no further funding issues in FY 05/06 Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5/22/2005 6

LRO Mission Overview Orbiter Space Segment Design Mini-RF Unsw. + 28 V H/W Decoded Command Discretes Space. Wire LROC LAMP Network Discretes Thermistors Closed Loop Htrs Heat Pump Loop C&DH LVPC HK Unsw. + 28 V SSR Sw. + 28 V Battery Mass 1272 kg Power ( bus orbit ave. ) 700 -800 W Measurement Data Volume 575 Gb/day Solar Array Sw. and Unsw. +28 V Pwr Services Thermal ST(2) IRW(4) LVPC * C&DH IMU * CSS(8) PMC Gimbal Ctl SAM Prop/Dep-A OM Prop/Dep-B OM Prop/Dep-C OM Prop/Dep-D Gimbal Ctl PDE * Preliminary System Block Diagram Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center HGA Gimbals * * PSE SA Gimbals HK / IO HGA Ka-Xmtr 5/22/2005 Propulsion Preliminary LRO Characteristics S-Xpndr SBC MIL-STD-1553 Network CRa. TER LRO Configuration Hi-Rate Tlm Omnis Power Bus LOLA Diviner Comm SSR LAMP Sci. & HK LEND Low-Rate Cmds & Tlm SA & HG Deploy Actuation Space. Wire * MIL-STD-1553 ACE Hardware 7

LRO Mission Overview Flight Plan – Direct using 3 -Stage ELV • • • Launch on a Delta II class rocket into a direct insertion trajectory to the moon. On-board propulsion system used to capture at the moon, insert into and maintain 50 km altitude circular polar reconnaissance orbit. 1 year mission Orbiter is a 3 -axis stabilized, nadir pointed spacecraft designed to operate continuously during the primary mission. LRO is designed to be capable of performing an extended mission of up to 4 additional years in a low maintenance orbit. Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5/22/2005 8

LRO Mission Overview Ground System • LRO Ground System and Mission Operations concepts are established LRO Ground Network Baseline Configuration • 18 m Ka/S station at White Sands w/ shared back-up • 2 X Upgraded S-Band Stations situated for continuous coverage • Additional S-band STDN back-ups LRO Operations Synopsis • 3 x 45 min of Ka-band downlink/day • Near continuous S-band Tracking 30 min/orbit (near-side) • Plan 1 command upload/day • Orbit adjust required every ~ 4 weeks • MOC routes Level 0 data to PI SOCs • SOCs deliver to PDS • MOC maintains short term archive Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5/22/2005 9

Mission Phases Overview Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5/22/2005 10

LRO Mission Schedule Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5/22/2005 11

LRO Requirements Development & Flow-Down • NASA HQ – ORDT defined measurement objectives – Established the Robotic Lunar Exploration Program (RLEP) – ESMD defines LRO level 1 requirements (in draft review) • RLEP – Specifies relevant GSFC guidelines and direction – Develops MAR and Project Plan – LRO Project baselined as 1 st mission • • LRO Project Plan PAIP SEMP MRD (in draft release) – Level 2 requirements – Level 3 requirements Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5/22/2005 12

LRO Requirements Development and Flowdown ORDT - Science Objectives * Characterize lunar radiation environment and mitigations * Produce 3 D global map * Assess resources including 2 H 0 and landing sites at poles * Global resource mapping Level 1 LRO Requirements * Measurement Requirements * Lifetime * Launch * Orbit * S/C Instrument * Accommodations * Measurement Investigation * Data Policies and Validation NASA HQ Directives * Budget Constraints * Schedule Constraints * Russian Federal Space Agency Partnership * NPR, NPD LRO Concept Formulation Studies * Architecture Trades * Implementation Trades * Instrument Trades * S/C Design Studies Robotic Lunar Exploration Program * MAR * RLEP Project Plan GSFC Management Guidelines * GPR * GSFC-STD-1000 * GEVS Accept L 2 Requirements Present Verification Plan Level 2 LRO Mission Requirements * Space Segment: Instruments Spacecraft * Ground Segment: Ground Station Mission Op Center Science Op Center Ground Network Data Distribute & Archive * Overall Mission Launch Services: * Instruments * Process Requirements * Science Requirements LRO Mission Operations Concept * Nominal Operations: Data Flows Spacecraft Ops Ground Element Ops * Special Operations: Launch and Early Orbit End of Mission Attitude Maneuvers Lunar Orbit Maneuvers Extended mission * Contingency Operations: Data Flows Spacecraft Ground Elements LRO Systems Engineering Plan Requirement Management Design Tracking Risk Management Resource Tracking LRO Project * LRO Project Plan * PAIP * Configuration Management Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center PDR 5/22/2005 Review & Accept Element Requirements Verify Flow Down LRO Mission Element Requirements * Instruments LOLA LROC LEND Diviner LAMP CRa. TER * Spacecraft * Ground NASA Mission Operations 18 m Ground Station Ground Validation & Cal Global Lunar Data Processing 13

LRO Instrument Requirements Documents LRO Program Requirements Document ESMD Controlled Document Contains Level 0 & 1 LRO Mission Requirements Document 431 -RQMT-00004 Contains Level 2 Mission Concept of Operations Document 431 -OPS-000042 See pg. 2 LRO Space Wire Specification 431 -SPEC-000102 LRO Electrical Systems ICD 431 -ICD-000008 CRa. TER Electrical ICD 431 -ICD-00094 CRa. TER Data ICD 431 -ICD-000104 DLRE Electrical ICD 431 -ICD-00095 DLRE Data ICD 431 -ICD-000105 LAMP Electrical ICD 431 -ICD-00096 LEND Data ICD 431 -ICD-000107 LEND Electrical ICD 431 -ICD-00097 LOLA Data ICD 431 -ICD-000108 LOLA Electrical ICD 431 -ICD-00098 LROC Electrical ICD 431 -ICD-00099 LROC Data ICD 431 -ICD-000109 Payload Assurance Implementation Program CRa. TER, Diviner, LAMP, LEND, LOLA, LROC GEVS GSFC-STD-7000 LAMP Data ICD 431 -ICD-000106 NASA Software Engineering Requirements NPR 7150. 2 Observatory Verification Plan 431 -PLAN-000101 LRO Radiation Requirements 431 -RQMT-000045 Mechanical Environments and Verification Requirements 431 -RQMT-000012 Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center RLEP Mission Assurance Requirements 430 -RQMT-000006 5/22/2005 Integration and Test Plan 431 -PLAN-000100 Contamination Control Plan 431 -PLAN-000110 14

LRO Instrument Requirements Documents (cont. ) Thermal Modeling Requirements Document 431 -RQMT-000092 General Thermal Subsystem Specification 431 -SPEC-000091 LRO Program Requirements Document ESMD Controlled Document Contains Level 0 & 1 LRO Mission Requirements Document 431 -RQMT-00004 Contains Level 2 MID Guidelines Handbook 431 -HDBK-000093 Mission Concept of Operations Document 431 -OPS-000042 CRa. TER TICD 431 -ICD-000118 CRa. TER Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing CRa. TER Mechanical ICD 431 -ICD-000085 DLRE TICD 431 -ICD-000116 DLRE Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing DLRE Mechanical ICD 431 -ICD-000086 LAMP TICD 431 -ICD-000115 LAMP Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing LAMP Mechanical ICD 431 -ICD-000087 LEND TICD 431 -ICD-000119 LEND Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing LEND Mechanical ICD 431 -ICD-000088 LOLA TICD 431 -ICD-000117 LOLA Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing LOLA Mechanical ICD 431 -ICD-000089 LROC TICD 431 -ICD-000114 LROC Mechanical – Thermal Interface Drawing LROC Mechanical ICD 431 -ICD-000090 Craig Tooley/431 NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center 5/22/2005 LRO Ground System ICD 431 -ICD-000049 LRO Detailed Mission Requirements (DMR) for the LRO Ground System 431 -RQMT-000048 15