Lumber one of the Worlds oldest construction material

Lumber one of the World’s oldest construction material

Terminology u Wood has been the main construction material for centuries, terms used: u Lumber - wood that has been sawed and milled to size u Wood - unprocessed fibrous material of a tree u Timber - large size lumber

Wood Classification u Softwood - evergreen, conifer u Hardwood - broadleaf, deciduous SOFTWOOD HARDWOOD

Softwoods u Cedars u Douglas u Larch Fir u Pines u Firs u Redwood u Hemlock u Spruce u Cypress

Hardwood u Birch u Chestnut u Beech u Oak u Cherry u Maple u Hickory u Teak u Mahogany u Walnut

Lumber Sizes u Nominal size – used for call out – not actual size – example: 2 x 4 u Surfaced or Actual size – used for dimensioning in details – actual size – example: 1 1/2” x 3 1/2”

Lumber Sizes (Actual vs Nominal) u Details are always drawn using actual sizes u Dimensional Lumber vs. Veneer – Dimensional lumber size always nominal callout – Veneers lumber always use actual size on callout

Nominal vs Surfaced Size Lumber Nominal 2 x 2 2 x 4 2 x 6 2 x 8 2 x 10 2 x 12 4 x 4 4 x 6 4 x 8 Surfaced 1 1/2 x 3 1/2 1 1/2 x 5 1/2 1 1/2 x 7 1/4 1 1/2 x 9 1/4 1 1/2 x 11 1/4 3 1/2 x 5 1/2 3 1/2 x 7 1/4

Nominal vs. Surfaced Size Lumber Nominal 6 x 6 6 x 8 6 x 10 6 x 12 6 x 14 Surfaced 5 1/2 x 7 1/4 5 1/2 x 9 1/4 5 1/2 x 11 1/4 5 1/2 x 13 1/4

Dressed Abbreviations for Lumber S 1 S S 2 S S 4 S S 1 S 1 E S 1 S 2 E S 1 E Surfaced one side Surfaced two sides Surfaced four sides Surfaced one side, one edge Surfaced one side, two edges Surfaced one edge

Species Selection u Species selection determines characteristics of wood – wood color – grain (open and closed) – hardness or durability u Ultimately determines usage u Region of growth determines availability

Grade (Set by Am. Lumber Stds) u Sets a standard of lumber quality and values between mills u Harmonize natural differences u Grade Numbers: (best)Select, 1, 2, 3, Utility(worst)

Certification Marks and Examples u u u Weyerhaeuser Company Timber Structures Simpson Forest Products Western Wood Products Boise Cascade Trus Joist Mac. Millan

Moisture Content u Moisture grade stamp mark given at the time of surfacing. – S-DRY--moisture content not exceeding percent. – MC 15 --moisture content not exceeding 15 percent. – S-GRN--moisture content exceeded 19 percent. 19

Division of Lumber Grade & Sizes u Board Lumber (up to 1 1/2” Thick) – appearance grade, sheathing, forms, & select u Dimensional Lumber (up to 4 1/2” Thick) – framing, joist, planks u Timbers (5” or thicker) – beams, stringers, post, timbers

Common Defects

Preservative Treatment u Used to improve the durability and longevity of wood u Primary Reasons for treatment – unsafe moisture water content causing decay – prevent insect damage and termite infestation

Preservative Treatment u Wood members which come in contact with concrete, masonry or earth should be of a treated wood

Preservative Treatment Techniques u Wood is treated by impregnating with toxic chemicals at elevated pressures & temperatures – creosote solutions – oil-borne preservatives – water-repellent preservatives

Lamination u Structurally glued lumber – assembly of wood laminations, dimensional lumber – grain parallel to length – bonded with adhesive – variety of shapes/sizes – callout is actual size – layers commonly 1 -2” thick, with the common being 1 1/2”

Plywood u Thin veneers glued together perpendicular to one another – odd number of veneers - 3, 5, 7, 9 – very strong – used for sheathing, flooring – interior or exterior(X) glues – A, B, C, D surface quality – 4’ x 8’ sheets, Thickness 1/16” thru 1 1/4”

Plywood Grading Stamp u APA--trademark=American u Span Plywood Association Rating--32/16 or 48/24 – 1 st # = max spacing for roof structure – 2 nd #=max spacing for subfloor structure u Thickness--15/32” u Mill number u Exposure Rating--(3) – Exterior – Exposure 1 – Exposure 2

Plywood or Box Beam u Lumber and plywood used together u Can be nailed or laminated depending on the design of the engineer

Engineered Lumber Products u Comply: both plywood and OSB – plywood outside & center veneer u Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL): – MICRO-LAM, GANG-LAM, STRUCLAM u Parallel Strand Lumber u Wood I-beam: TJI u MDF - Medium Density Fiberboard u OSB - Oriented Strand Board u Particleboard

More Project Information u Do not worry about adding your title block to sheet A-1, A-2, etc. We will be doing that towards the end of the semester. All drawings are to be full scale. u Drawings will be submitted on a ‘B’ size print until the full set is due at the end of the semester at which time a full plotted D-size set will be turned in for a grade.

Assignment: u Sheet A-3 Elevations u Develop all four elevations of your hotel u Be sure and use proper material symbols and notes u Add necessary dimensions or datum u Use your own design – there are no restrictions on the elevations – have fun (but don’t let the elevations suck-up all your time

A-DWG 3 --Beam Types (Layout) Required: 1 --Dimension/notes for each beam 2 --Title each beam specific type as shown 3 --Use symbols for materials 4 --Use different line thicknesses to show contrast 5 --Text Ref: Figure 5. 11 Glu-lam, page 94, Figure 5. 2 Solid, page 90, 3 -2 x 10 s built-up beam , 12” high w/ 2 x 4 s and 3/4” plywood box beam 6 --Each detail, Scale 3” = 1’ - 0” SOLID GLU-LAM BLT-UP BOX