Luigi Cosentino Status and perspectives of Accelerator Division

Luigi Cosentino Status and perspectives of Accelerator Division Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 1

LNS layout - Two Accelerators: Superconducting Cyclotron, Tandem Nine experimental halls Proton therapy facility Irradiation beam line Fragment Recoil Separator Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 2

The Accelerators Tandem Van De Graaff • Maximum High Voltage ≈ 13. 5 MV • Pelletron charging system • HV stability 10 -4 Superconducting three-sectors cyclotron • • • Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 EMAX ~ 80 AMe. V for lighter ions EMAX ~ 25 AMe. V for heavier ions (i. e. Au 36+) Bending limit K=800 - Focusing limit Kfoc= 200 Pole radius 90 cm Min-Max field 2. 2 - 4. 8 T RF range 15 -48 MHz Two ECR ion sources: CAESAR and SERSE (superconducting) Versatility (performance) Reliability (protontherapy) 3

The Accelerators Both the accelerators can work at the same time if Tandem beams are in the ‘° 60 & ° 80’ hall m bea Tande CS be am m ° 60 & ° 80 Beam lines Tandem beam Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 4

FRIBS@LNS: in Flight Radioactive Ion Beam. S Me. V Tagging 18 O + 9 Be Br=2. 78 Tm m/Z=2. 66 m/Z=3 18 C 15 B 12 Be 9 Li 6 He ns Water cooled production target Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 5

Experiments with Tandem (2016) Available Beams 1 H, 2 H 6 Li, 7 Li 9 Be, 10 Be 12 10 B, 11 B 16 O, 17 O, 18 O 19 F 90 24 12 C, 13 C 14 N 8 24 24 23 Na 45 24 Mg 29 27 Al 28 Si, 29 Si 32 S, 34 S 35 Cl, 37 Cl 40 Ca 30 350 BTU 45 Beam Time Units (1 BTU = 8 h) 63 Cu, 65 Cu *Interdisciplinary 70 Ge 93 Nb 116 Sn, 120 Sn 127 I (1) First 23 Na beam@LNS (2) Troubles with N beams. Under investigation. 58 Ni, 60 Ni 79 Br HOYLE NATRUM (1) TRy. EX BARRIERS FF-PIXE* LASERDRIVEN* PICKUP E 0 STOPHOW (2) DIA. Color* GETCHI BDX-Test* TPR* NSPP* Ø High reliability Ø HV = 2. 2 MV ÷ 13. 5 MV 197 Au Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 6

R&D for new Tandem beams Hot news! A 10 Be radioactive beam in batch-mode at LNS has been produced in March 2017 10 Be. O (10 Be T 1/2=1. 39× 106 y) mixed with Ag was prepared at PSI (Zurich) and used in the source cathode of the Tandem accelerator. 10 Be 4+ @ 47 Me. V i≅10 n. Ae for a few days 10 B contamination 0. 1% DE(ch) Beam current as a function of time in the tandem source 10 B≈0. 15% 10 Be E (ch) On going A new source of negative, noble gases ions is foreseen for first half of 2018. In collaboration with SAES-Getter Milano C. E. C. The beam is focused inside a charge exchange channel high-density, 5. 85 GHz microwave heated plasma Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 New source design compactness: it can be coupled to a charge exchange channel for the production of negative noble gases (He- & Ne-) 7

Available beams with CS AMe. V H 2+ H 3+ 2 D+ 4 He 100. 0 90. 0 Energy (Me. V/a. m. u. ) 80. 0 70. 0 60. 0 50. 0 40. 0 30. 0 20. 0 10. 0 50. 0 100. 0 Mass (a. m. u. ) 150. 0 Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 200. 0 He-H 9 Be 11 B 12 C 13 C 14 N 16 O 18 O 19 F 20 Ne 24 Mg 27 Al 36 Ar 40 Ca 42, 48 Ca 58 Ni 62, 64 Ni 68, 70 Zn 74 Ge 78, 86 Kr 84 Kr 93 Nb 107 Ag 112 Sn 116 Sn 124 Sn 129 Xe 197 Au 208 Pb 62, 80 30, 35, 45 35, 62, 80 25, 62, 80 10, 21 45 55 23, 62, 80 45, 55 62, 80 21, 25, 55, 62, 80 15, 55 35, 40, 50 20, 45, 62 50 40 16, 38 15, 20, 40 10, 25, 40, 45 16, 23, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 25, 35 40 40 10 10, 15, 20, 25 15, 17, 23, 30, 38 40 15. 5, 35, 43. 5 23, 30, 38 15, 25, 30, 35 20, 21, 23, 35 10, 15, 20, 21, 23 10 8

Experiments with CS (planned for 2016) 6 5 8 6 12 8 7 85 36 10 120 14 24 Interdisciplinary Physics Nuclear Physics 180 BTU CATANA ELIMED ROMA 3 HLET_EBT ETHICS IMT HADMAC RARO Le. Me. FTIR PADCOM LHCF-SICAL (0 Deg) REDOLIB SIR ISGDR (Magnex) TPR HVR-CCPD FAZIA (Ciclope) NUMEN (Magnex) FAZIACOR (Ciclope) GETCHI (Chimera) PETS Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 9

Current activities for the CS • New ovens (high/low temperature) for CAESAR and SERSE: to be completed within June 2017 • Implementation of Two Frequency Heating in CAESAR (i. e. higher charge states): Completed • New Control system and new plasma chamber for SERSE -> Beginning of 2018 • SERSE : Autonomous cryogenic system based on 2 cryocoolers -> Completed • Upgrade of the RF amplifiers: replacement of all the devices based on obsolete tetrode with solid state systems -> within 2017 • and……………. . Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 10

Current activities for the CS A new Compact Proton Source New source design compactness: it will be installed in the Superconducting Cyclotron area, in proximity of a 40° bending in the axial injection line. CPS During CATANA/proton beam times (15 -20% total time), CAESAR&SERSE will be available for maintenance and R&D The microwave system therefore shall fitting in a box of 30 x 30 cm 3 of volume • RF system completed. • Beam extraction system under design phase. Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 Frequency: 5. 85 -6. 425 GHz Power: 40 W Amplifier type: Solid State Plasma Chamber length: 70 mm Plasma Chamber radius: 70 mm (standard KF) WG size: 35 x 16 mm (rectangular) Magnetic field: 0. 2 T (around) 11

Current activities for the CS The source-cyclotron matching needs to be improved Development of new beam diagnostics in the axial beam line for Beam Imaging and emittance measurement New-beam pipe section for the Allison Scanner installation ECR plasma vs Frequency -> within 2017 Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 12

New software for Beam Tuning operations Interactive approach to improve the tuning efficiency. By means of a powerful Data Base, all the parameters can be stored and reloaded in an user friendly mode. Currently under test in the accelerators control room. Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 13

Enhanced Transport Network for Accelerators Control room Data Storage Garbage collector REDIS d l e Fi • • • s u B System Config Faster and more reliable data exchange Highly flexible Real Time Automatic message (Alarm, change of status, diagnostics, etc…) from Field to Control Room Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017

Superconducting Cyclotron reliability Some weak points: • The Liquid Nitrogen shields Losses have been detected in the LN 2 shields of the cryostat. One of the three shields – named virola interna – has already been closed, but some smaller losses have already been detected in the other big shield – named virola esterna – which cause some problems to the cryostat vacuum. LN 2 shields cannot be fixed nor replaced. • Cryostat vacuum Recently a leak has been detected between the vacuum chamber of the cryostat and the accelerator chamber. Fortunately it does not significantly affect the CS activity. Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 15

Maximum beam intensity with the extraction based on the electrostatic deflector Septum: directly cooled New septum material: W vs. Ta Bigger thickness: 0. 3 vs. 0. 15 mm ðextraction efficiency 63% vs. 50% 13 C 4+ @ 45 AMe. V Pextr = 150 watt I=1020 en. A = 1. 5 x 1012 pps Extraction efficiency limited by the last orbit separation Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017

Towards higher ion beam Intensities (x 102) -> CS Upgrade Beam extraction by stripping: Efficiency >99% Extraction by stripping is based on the instantaneous change of the magnetic rigidity of the accelerated ions, when its charge state is suddenly increased crossing a thin carbon foil Tender for the new superconducting magnet is in progress Ion Energy Isource Iacc Iextr Pextr Me. V/u em. A pps watt 12 C q=5+ 30 200 30 (4+) 45 (6+) 4. 7 1013 2700 12 C q=4+ 45 400 60 (4+) 90 (6+) 9. 4 1013 8100 12 C q=4+ 60 400 60 (4+) 90 (6+) 9. 4 1013 10800 18 O q=6+ 20 400 60 (6+) 80 (8+) 6. 2 1013 3600 18 O q=6+ 29 400 60 (6+) 80 (8+) 6. 2 1013 5220 18 O q=6+ 45 400 60 (6+) 80 (8+) 6. 2 1013 8100 18 O q=6+ 60 400 60 (6+) 80 (8+) 6. 2 1013 10800 18 O q=7+ 70 200 30 (7+) 34. 3 (8+) 2. 7 1013 5400 20 Ne q=7+ 28 400 60 (7+) 85. 7 (10+) 5. 3 1013 4800 20 Ne q=7+ 70 400 60 (7+) 85. 7 (10+) 5. 3 1013 10280 q=14+ 60 400 60 (14+) 77. 1 (18+) 2. 7 1013 10280 40 Ar 17

Old and new extraction beam lines First Beam expected in October 2021 Matching Point at Achromatic Waist New Extraction line (Beam extraction by stripping) Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 18

Improvements in the extraction beam line Beam transport efficiency must be significantly increased Bo Now ttl en ec k Gap=32 mm Gap=60 mm Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 19

New beam lines New fragment separator SOLE (Superconducting Solenoid) See Santonocito’s talk Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 20

New fragment separator See Russotto’s talk Output Slit Degrader Target where fragmentation occurs Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 21

Thanks for your attention! Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 22

Backup slides Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 23

Purchase of the SC Magnet Cost and technical analysis December 2015 -> completed in September 2016 (RUP appointed in Sept. 2016) Tender and contract: November 2016 -> September 2017 Design and Construction: October 2017 -> June 2020 Installation - Test and Commissioning July 2020 -> April 2021

Purchase of the SC Magnet and first beam Procedure : “dialogo competitivo” Maximum price (tender) 4. 1 M€ Tender published in the G. U. R. I. on 28 Dec 2016 Dead line on 15 Februrary 2017 5 companies “pre-qualified” (fulfil selection cryteria) Dead line for documents presentation: May 9, 2017 Beam expected in October 2021 Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017

Cost estimates (including a new helium liquefier) Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017

Cost estimates Here the cost of FRIBS@LNS upgrade is not included. A quite rough estimate for it is around 3000 k€ 27

FRIBS@LNS Upgrade See Russotto talk selection slits Degrader & energy selection slits 2 k. W rotating Target N. S. 28

Come studiare i primi istanti di vita dell’Universo? The LNS accelerators 450 KV injector 2 sputtering sources Normal conducting ECR source CAESAR Superconducting ECR source SERSE 29

Upgrade of the Tandem – project LNS Nuclear Astrophysics Tube n. 1 damaged : high residual pressure in the Low Energy section due to the vacuum losses (SF 6 inside) Ordered to VIVIRAD, France, delivered to LNS in May 2014, assembled in the Tandem in July 2014 Replacement from the Low Energy side by means of a dedicated system to minimize stresses July 9 2014 Alternative to the belt: Pelletron by NEC, USA Ordered in July 2013 Delivered on January 6 2015 Installed on January 19 2015 in 3 weeks Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 30

Potente Data Base contenente lo storico di tutti i fasci prodotti. Il registro di macchina sarà in formato elettronico. Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 31

Improving beam tuning “robustness”, reproducibility and overall reliability Implementation of a REDIStype dynamical database for setups storing, track-record of tuning parameters, tuning support, task automation, etc. Settings and stored parameters Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 32

Superconducting Cyclotron (including FRIBS) Beam availability - 2017 Ø 400 BTU available Ø Protontherapy (5 sessions) = 85 BTU Ø ELIMED = 40 BTU + 25 BTU* Ø ERC ‘NURE’ = 75 BTU * overnight during Catana beam time Total to be assigned = 200 BTU Total request = 320 BTU Backlog 90 BTU Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 33

Servizio Fasci ionici: Obiettivi e strategie 2016 -2017 Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 34

Implementation of Two Frequency Heating on CAESAR, optimization on SERSE, RF diagnostics development Higher charge state with caesar -> 32 S beams at 50 AMe. V The “Two Frequency Heating" (TFH) experiment involves the use of a "diplexer Hybrid coupler" Waveguide Combiner (already @ LNS) in the frequency band [13. 515. 6] GHz, up to 1. 5 k. W of Power Handling. On-line RF diagnostics for monitoring the plasma heating process, aiming to the fast/reproducible tuning of the CAESAR/SERSE sources Luigi Cosentino - LNS User Meeting - May 9 th, 2017 35