LTE Long Term Evolution LTE Agenda LTE Basic

LTE – Long Term Evolution

LTE – Agenda § LTE Basic § LTE Road. Map § LTE Architeture § LTE Access Network § LTE Channels § LTE Link Budget - Example EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 2 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

Aim of Long Term Evolution § Increased Capacity § Reduce Network Complexity § Lower deployment and operating cost EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 3 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

Wireless Broadband Main vendor strategies Vendor HSPA LTE EV-DO UMB Mobile Wi. MAX Cooperation with Huawei Sold to ALU 2006 Focus Support EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 4 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

Mobile broadband speed evolution Reported Subscriptions (million) 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 LTE Evolution 1 000 0 2006 Other 2007 CDMA 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Mobile Wi. MAX GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA HSPA 2013 LTE HSPA Evolution HSPA 3 G- R’ 99 Peak rate 384 kbps 2002 EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez 3. 6 Mbps 7/14 Mbps 2005 Ericsson Confidential 2007 5 21/28/42 Mbps ~150 Mbps Target 1 Gbps 2008/2009 2013 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

Evolution path for mobile systems 3 GPP GSM EDGE WCDMA HSPA TD-SCDMA 3 GPP 2 CDMA 1 X EV-DO • Verizon Wireless selects LTE* • QCOM announces LTECDMA chipsets** • Other to follow Official press releases * November 29, 2007 ** February 7, 2008 *** February 13, 2008 EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez LTE - FDD - TDD • Harmonized LTE TDD • China Mobile join Vfe and Vz. W FDD/TDD trials*** Ericsson Confidential 6 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE SAE Commercial Path Validate technology 2007 EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez 2008 Ericsson Confidential 7 First vendor selection 2009 LTE Overview LTE Commercial deployment 2010 2008 -04 -03

LTE performance Downlink, 3 GPP simulations 100 LTE FDD 20 MHz, Average LTE FDD 10 MHz, Average LTE FDD 5 MHz, Average 90 User throughput (Mbps) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 500 1000 Number of broadband subscribers 1500 § Same spectrum usage § Equal power, 20 W § Site-to-site distance: 500 m Wider carrier => higher bit rate and trunking gains EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 8 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Key factors § LTE – High Data Rates § > 100 Mbps – Downlink § > 50 Mbps – Uplink § Channel Setup < 100 ms § Why ? – – – – – EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Mobile Broadband Tendency Customers need for more Spectral Efficience platform for Mobile data communicattion. ( Cost of Bits / Hz) Efficient – Reducing OPEX & CAPEX Easy to deploy (self configuring/optimizing) TDD / FDD & Spectrum Flexibility New Services (IPTV & Games in Real Time) High Performance for Broadcast Services Wide Range of Terminals Increase Service Provisioning Ericsson Confidential 9 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Mobile Broadband Tendency EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 10 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – First Options to deploy § § § High Dense Urban Areas with High Packet Data Traffic Hot Spots Indoor Buildings Urban , Suburban , Rural Areas etc. Easy Integration with 3 G/2 G networks EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 11 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Terminals § Examples of Terminals that to be available for LTE EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 12 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Roadmap

LTE – Evolution EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 14 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Smooth Migration EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 15 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Long Term Evolution Architeture

WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Access Network WCDMA System Architeture LTE System Architeture RAN EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 17 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

EPS (SAE/LTE) Multiple terminals PC-Cards/Dongles/FWTs Modules in many types of devices Mobile terminals Internet, Operator Service etc. EPC - Evolved Packet Core EPC e. UTRAN - LTE RAN e. UTRAN EPS EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez EPS – Evolved Packet System Ericsson Confidential 18 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

e. UTRAN (LTE) interfaces Logical view MME/GW S 1 -C Evolved Packet Core S 1 -C Evolved UTRAN X 2 e. Node B EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez X 2 e. Node B Ericsson Confidential 19 e. Node B LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – e. Node. B § LTE e. Node. B – – Coding, Interleaving, modulation & typical layer functions. ARQ, Header Compression & layer functions Security Functions (Ciphering / Integrity Protection ) e. Node. B take decisions about Handover & scheduling for uplink and downlink. – Radio Resources Control functions – Connected to the Core Network with S 1 Interface (similar as Iu) – X 2 is similar to Iur Interface, mainly used to support the Active Mode Mobility. EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 20 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Long Term Evolution Core Network

WCDMA (HSPA) x LTE – Core WCDMA System Architeture EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 22 LTE - SAE System Architeture Evolution LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

WCDMA LTE - Core § LTE Core – – – EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Introduction of EPC – Evolved Packet Core SAE just covers Packet Switched Domain HSS is the same as HLR in GSM/WCDMA network HSS uses the S 6 interface e. Node. B is connected to the EPC by S 1 Interface EPC acts as anchor in the SAE Core Network for mobility Charging Management of Subscriber Mobility Management ( roaming ) QOS Handling Policy Control of Data Flows Interconection with External Networks Ericsson Confidential 23 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

SAE: System Architecture Evolution IP networks S 7 ”WSM module” Wx* HSS PCRF S 7 c S 7 b S 7 a AAA Wm* HLR S 6 a SGi Gr S 6 c S 2 b S 5/S 8 S 4 S 2 c Serv GW S 11 SGSN PDN GW S 2 a MME S 3 S 101/102 S 103 e. PDG Wn* Gb S 12 Iu-C S 1 -C Mobility Management Entity 2 G (MME): The MME manages mobility, UE identities and security parameters EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez 3 G Ericsson Confidential LTE 24 S 1 -U Wn* Wa* Non-3 GPP Non-trusted LTE Overview S 9 PDN Gateway (PDN GW): The PDN Gateway is the node that terminates the SGi interface towards the PDN The Serving Gateway is the node that terminates the interface towards LTE RAN Ta* Non-3 GPP Trusted Eg cdma 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Long Term Evolution Access Network

Key LTE radio access features § LTE radio access OFDMA – Downlink: OFDM – Uplink: SC-FDMA § Advanced antenna solutions – Diversity – Beam-forming – Multi-layer transmission (MIMO) TX TX § Spectrum flexibility – Flexible bandwidth – New and existing bands – Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 26 1. 4 MHz LTE Overview 20 MHz 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Access Network § LTE employs OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL § LTE basic charactheristics: – – Flexibility bandwidth (from 1. 4 Mhz to 20 MHZ). Orthogonally in uplink and downlink. Modulation : QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM. FDD (frequency division duplex), HD FDD ( half frequency division duplex & TDD (time Division Duplex are supported). – Advanced Antenna Technology – MIMO is used in downlink to allow high peak rates. EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 27 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Access Network § Spectrum Flexibility EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 28 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Access Network EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 29 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Long Term Evolution Channels

Channel Structure – Downlink and Uplink Downlink MTCH MCCH PCCH BCCH DTCH DCCH DTCH CCCH DCCH CCCH “type of information” (traffic/control) pri sec PCH MCH BCH Logical Channels RACH UL-SCH DL-SCH Transport Channels “how and with what characteristics” (common/shared/mc/bc) PDCCH info PMCH PBCH EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez -Sched TF DL -Sched grant UL -Pwr Ctrl cmd ACK/NACK -HARQ info PDSCH PCFICH PDCCH Ericsson Confidential 31 PHICH Physical Channels PUCCH PUSCH PRACH ACK/NACK CQI Scheduling req. LTE Overview “bits, symbols, modulation, radio frames etc” 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information) – BCCH ( Broadcast Control Channel ) § Used for transmission of system control information to all mobiles in the cell. Prior to access the network the mobile needs to read the information on BCCH to find out how the system is configured, for example the bandwidth. – PCCH ( Paging Control Channel ) § used for Paging of Mobiles whose location on cell level in not know to the network. – DCCH ( Dedicated Control Channel ) § Used for Transmission of control information to/from mobile. This channel is used for individual configuration of Terminals such as differents kinds of handover messages. EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 32 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Logical Channels ( type of Information) – MCCH ( Multicast Control Channel ) § used for transmission of control information required for reception of the MTCH. – DTCH ( Dedicated Traffic Channel ) § used for transmission of user data to/from a mobile terminal. This is the logical channel type used for transmission of all uplink and non-MBMS downlink user data. – MTCH ( Multicast Traffic Channel ) § used for downlink transmission of MBMS services. EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 33 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Transport Channels – BCH ( Broadcast Channel ) § Fixed Tranport Format § Used for identification of cells & transmission of BCCH logical channel. – RACH ( Random Access Channel ) § Used for Access the Network from the. Terminal. § Limited control information and colission risk. – PCH ( Paging Channel ) § is used for transmission of paging information on the PCCH logical channel. The PCH supports discontinuous reception (DRX) to allow the mobile terminal to save battery power by sleeping and waking up to receive the PCH only at predefined time instants. EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 34 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Transport Channels – DL-SCH (Downlink Shared Channel) § Used for transmission of data in LTE § DL SCH TTI is 1 ms § Support Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation & Channel Dependent Scheduling in time and frequency domain. – MCH ( Multi Cast Channel) § Used to support MBMS – UL - SCH ( Uplink Shared Channel ) § Used for transmission of data in LTE § UL SCH TTI 1 ms § Support Features as Dynamic Rate Adaptation & Channel Dependent Scheduling in time and frequency domain. EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 35 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Link budget & Dimensioning

LTE – Dimensioning Process EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 37 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Uplink Coverage Example EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 38 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Downlink Coverage EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 39 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

LTE – Bandwidth x Requirement UL – Downlink Link Throughput at Cell Border with the following requirements : § § EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez UL – 500 Kbps UL – 1500 Kbps Ericsson Confidential 40 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

Ericsson LTE Deployment § LTE rollout for AT&T in the US § Nationwide 4 G/LTE rollout for Telia. Sonera in Norway and Sweden Ericsson to build commercial 4 G network for Telia. Sonera § Verizon Wireless Fosters Global LTE Ecosystem § Metro. PCS Announces Vendors for 2010 4 G LTE Launch § First IPR agreements § NTT Do. Co. Mo Japan EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 41 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03

EBS/ CNR – Cláudio Perez Ericsson Confidential 42 LTE Overview 2008 -04 -03