LSM 9 DS 1 9 axis Module Cell

LSM 9 DS 1 9 -axis Module Cell Phone Group members: Sean Womack Shunyue Yuan Chongwen Lu Zhuozhen Cai

Accelerometer, Gyroscope, and Magnetometer ● An accelerometer is a tool that measures proper acceleration. ● A gyroscope is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity. ● A magnetometer is a device that measures magnetism—the direction, strength, or relative change of a magnetic field at a particular location. ● Modern mechanical accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers are often small micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) ○ Very small systems or devices, composed of micro components ranging from 0. 001 mm to 0. 1 mm in size

What is LSM 9 DS 1? The LSM 9 DS 1 is a system-in-package featuring: ● ● ● 3 -axis digital accelerometer, with full scale of ± 2 g/± 4 g/± 8 g/± 16 g 3 -axis digital magnetometer, with full scale of ± 4/± 8/± 12/± 16 gauss 3 -axis digital gyroscope, with angular rate of ± 245/± 500/± 2000 dps Total nine degrees of freedom (9 DOF) The LSM 9 DS 1 includes an I 2 C serial bus interface supporting standard and fast mode and an SPI serial standard interface. https: //os. mbed. com/components/LSM 9 DS 1 -IMU/

How it works 3 D Accelerometer: measures acceleration, as well gravity. Real MEMS Picture from https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=T_i. XLNkkj. Fo 3 D Dyroscope - Measures rotation Picture from https: //www. memsjournal. com/2010/12/motion-sensing-in-theiphone-4 -mems-accelerometer. html picture from https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=eq. Zgx. R 6 e. Rjo

How it works 3 D Magnetometer: measures magnetic field strength, to find magnetic North. ● ● Hall Effect (90%) or Magneto-Resistive Effect Needs Multiple-Step Calibration Why do we need nine axes? ● ● ● Only gyroscope and accelerometer - okay for tracking short term movements. Small errors build up - not good at tracking the real position and orientation for long term. Add 3 D magnetometer - helps to compensate for small drifts over long periods of time. Mechanism of Magnetometer, picture from: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=eq. Zgx. R 6 e. Rjo

Features ● Classified as an inertial measurement unit(IMU) ○ Combine 3 sensors into one device ● available in a plastic land grid array package (LGA) ● Operating temperature: -40°C to +85°C. Usefulness ● Widely used in detecting positions and motions ○ track traveled distance ○ monitor and record exercise, activity ○ plot the head trajectory : ) Fig: LGA example from wikipedia

Advantages When used in movement qualification, LSM 9 DS 1 sensor is chosen for its capability to measure movements, and ● its light weights ● low power requirements ● simplicity of implementing I 2 C communication only uses 3 wires ● able to capture specific movements of interest Fig: Directionality of LSM 9 DS 1 IMU accelerometer and gyroscope sensors and general positioning of the sensors and strap when placed on the hand Ref: A Low-Cost Solution for Quantification of Movement during DBS Surgery

Precision Applications - Robotics - - Orbit capable shuttles - - Use gyroscopes and accelerometers Earthquake detection - - Human/animal-like robots from MIT Highly sensitive MEMS Navigation (avionics and subaquatic) Warfare - Missile guidance systems Uses both https: //news. mit. edu/2019/mit-mini-cheetah-first-four-legged-robot-to-backflip-0304

Common Applications - Simple robotics Phone screen rotation Tool safety - - Example: kickback of a circular saw Pedometer https: //thenounproject. com/term/screen-rotate/147349/ https: //www. popularmechanics. com/technology/a 17233/this-is-the-inside-of-spheros-bb-8 -toy/ https: //stackoverflow. com/questions/20324356/how-tocalculate-exact-foot-step-count-using-accelerometer-in -android https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Od. W 7 vh. YYSd. M&ab_channel=Smarter. Every. Day

References ● Wiki-Accelerometer ● Wiki-Gyroscope ● ● ● Wiki-Magnetometer LSM 9 DS 1 IMU LSM 9 DS 1: 9 -axis i. NEMO inertial module (IMU): 3 D magnetometer, 3 D accelerometer, 3 D gyroscope with I 2 C and SPI ● Motion sensing in the i. Phone 4: MEMS accelerometer. (2020). Retrieved 16 October 2020, from ● ● ● https: //www. memsjournal. com/2010/12/motion-sensing-in-the-iphone-4 -mems-accelerometer. html Parallax LSM 9 DS 1 9 -axis IMU Module (2020). Retrieved 15 October 2020, from https: //www. parallax. com/sites/default/files/downloads/28065 -LSM 9 DS 1 -9 -axis-IMU-Guide-v 1. 0. pdf Why do I need 9 -axis inertial motion sensor? (2019). Retrieved 15 October 2020, from https: //www. emotiv. com/knowledgebase/why-do-i-need-9 -axis-inertial-motion-sensor/ A Low-Cost Solution for Quantification of Movement during DBS Surgery NASA Mars Reconaissance Mission - Sensors Understanding the Fundamentals of Earthquake Signal Sensing Networks Gyroscope Applications