LS 5 Classification of Organisms Classification o the
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LS 5: Classification of Organisms
Classification o the process of grouping things based on their similarities. o Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that organisms are easier to study.
Aristotle o The first scientists to develop a classification system for organisms. o He divided animals into three groups: o those that fly; o those that swim, o and those that walk, crawl, or run. o He also divided the groups into smaller groups or subgroups.
. m i w s t a e th ARISTOTLE Thos Tho Th ru ose n. th se t at wa hat lk, fly. cra wl , o r
Linnaeus o Placed animals in groups based on their observable features. o Created a naming system called binomial nomenclature in which each organism is given a two-part name. o Genus Species
LINNAEUS Two part naming system. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Genus Species
Classification Today • Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together. • As living things are constantly being investigated, new attributes are revealed that affect how organisms are placed in a standard classification system • This system is the basis for scientific nomenclature
Level of Classification • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species
Helpful Trick for Learning the Levels of Classification • King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti.
Human Classification • • Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Chordata Mammal Primate Hominidae Homo Sapiens
How are things classified into Kingdoms? • Any grouping of organisms into kingdoms is based on several factors – the presence or absence of cellular structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria, or a cell wall; – whether the organisms exist as single cells or are multicellular; – and how the organisms get their food. • For example, organisms that do not have a nucleus are believed to be fundamentally different from other organisms and may be classified in one or even two different kingdoms.
Taxonomic Key • A series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms.
Species • A group of similar-looking organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions and produce offspring that are capable of reproduction defines a species.
Species can either be…. Autotroph Heterotroph • Make their own food • Cannot make their own food • Requires organic carbon for growth
Domains the highest taxonomic rank of organisms • Archaea – Prokaryote – Live in extreme environments • Examples: thermal vents • Bacteria – Prokaryote • Eukarya – Eukaryote
Archaebacteria • • Unicellular Autotrophic and heterotrophic Prokaryotes Live in harsh environments
Eubacteria • • Unicellular Prokaryotes Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Their chemical makeup is different from that of the Archaebacteria
Protists • • Unicellular and Multicellular Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Eukaryotes Seaweed is a protist
Fungi • • Multicellular and Unicellular Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Mushrooms
Plants • • Multicellular Eukaryotes Autotrophs Without plants, life on Earth would not exist.
Animals Multicellular Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Have adaptations that allow them to locate food, capture it, eat it, • and digest it • •
Plant Divisions • Mosses • Ferns • Conifers – Cone bearing • Flowering plants
Animal Phylum • • • Cnidarians Mollusks Annelids Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates
Cnidarian • Stinging cells • Radial symmetry • Exmaples: – Sea anemone, jellyfish
Mollusca • • Invertebrates Soft body May have a shell Examples: – Oysters, snail, slug, octopus, squid
Annelida • Worms • Segmented
Arthropoda • • Invertebrate Segmented body Protected by an exoskeleton Examples: – Shrimp, crab, tick, insects, spiders, centipedes
Echinoderm • 5 part radial symmetry • Spiny skin • Examples: – Sea star, sea urchin, sand dollar, sea cucumber
Chordates • All have a dorsal verve cord, most have a backbone • Examples: – Fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds, mammals
- Member of the same species
- What is multicellular and unicellular
- Levels of classification
- Fungi cell
- Classification of living things table
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