LS 5 Classification of Organisms Classification o the

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LS 5: Classification of Organisms

LS 5: Classification of Organisms

Classification o the process of grouping things based on their similarities. o Biologists use

Classification o the process of grouping things based on their similarities. o Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that organisms are easier to study.

Aristotle o The first scientists to develop a classification system for organisms. o He

Aristotle o The first scientists to develop a classification system for organisms. o He divided animals into three groups: o those that fly; o those that swim, o and those that walk, crawl, or run. o He also divided the groups into smaller groups or subgroups.

. m i w s t a e th ARISTOTLE Thos Tho Th ru

. m i w s t a e th ARISTOTLE Thos Tho Th ru ose n. th se t at wa hat lk, fly. cra wl , o r

Linnaeus o Placed animals in groups based on their observable features. o Created a

Linnaeus o Placed animals in groups based on their observable features. o Created a naming system called binomial nomenclature in which each organism is given a two-part name. o Genus Species

LINNAEUS Two part naming system. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Genus Species

LINNAEUS Two part naming system. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Genus Species

Classification Today • Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together. •

Classification Today • Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together. • As living things are constantly being investigated, new attributes are revealed that affect how organisms are placed in a standard classification system • This system is the basis for scientific nomenclature

Level of Classification • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family •

Level of Classification • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

Helpful Trick for Learning the Levels of Classification • King Phillip Came Over For

Helpful Trick for Learning the Levels of Classification • King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti.

Human Classification • • Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Chordata Mammal

Human Classification • • Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Chordata Mammal Primate Hominidae Homo Sapiens

How are things classified into Kingdoms? • Any grouping of organisms into kingdoms is

How are things classified into Kingdoms? • Any grouping of organisms into kingdoms is based on several factors – the presence or absence of cellular structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria, or a cell wall; – whether the organisms exist as single cells or are multicellular; – and how the organisms get their food. • For example, organisms that do not have a nucleus are believed to be fundamentally different from other organisms and may be classified in one or even two different kingdoms.

Taxonomic Key • A series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of

Taxonomic Key • A series of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms.

Species • A group of similar-looking organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions and

Species • A group of similar-looking organisms that can interbreed under natural conditions and produce offspring that are capable of reproduction defines a species.

Species can either be…. Autotroph Heterotroph • Make their own food • Cannot make

Species can either be…. Autotroph Heterotroph • Make their own food • Cannot make their own food • Requires organic carbon for growth

Domains the highest taxonomic rank of organisms • Archaea – Prokaryote – Live in

Domains the highest taxonomic rank of organisms • Archaea – Prokaryote – Live in extreme environments • Examples: thermal vents • Bacteria – Prokaryote • Eukarya – Eukaryote

Archaebacteria • • Unicellular Autotrophic and heterotrophic Prokaryotes Live in harsh environments

Archaebacteria • • Unicellular Autotrophic and heterotrophic Prokaryotes Live in harsh environments

Eubacteria • • Unicellular Prokaryotes Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Their chemical makeup is different from

Eubacteria • • Unicellular Prokaryotes Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Their chemical makeup is different from that of the Archaebacteria

Protists • • Unicellular and Multicellular Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Eukaryotes Seaweed is a protist

Protists • • Unicellular and Multicellular Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Eukaryotes Seaweed is a protist

Fungi • • Multicellular and Unicellular Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Mushrooms

Fungi • • Multicellular and Unicellular Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Mushrooms

Plants • • Multicellular Eukaryotes Autotrophs Without plants, life on Earth would not exist.

Plants • • Multicellular Eukaryotes Autotrophs Without plants, life on Earth would not exist.

Animals Multicellular Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Have adaptations that allow them to locate food, capture it,

Animals Multicellular Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Have adaptations that allow them to locate food, capture it, eat it, • and digest it • •

Plant Divisions • Mosses • Ferns • Conifers – Cone bearing • Flowering plants

Plant Divisions • Mosses • Ferns • Conifers – Cone bearing • Flowering plants

Animal Phylum • • • Cnidarians Mollusks Annelids Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

Animal Phylum • • • Cnidarians Mollusks Annelids Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates

Cnidarian • Stinging cells • Radial symmetry • Exmaples: – Sea anemone, jellyfish

Cnidarian • Stinging cells • Radial symmetry • Exmaples: – Sea anemone, jellyfish

Mollusca • • Invertebrates Soft body May have a shell Examples: – Oysters, snail,

Mollusca • • Invertebrates Soft body May have a shell Examples: – Oysters, snail, slug, octopus, squid

Annelida • Worms • Segmented

Annelida • Worms • Segmented

Arthropoda • • Invertebrate Segmented body Protected by an exoskeleton Examples: – Shrimp, crab,

Arthropoda • • Invertebrate Segmented body Protected by an exoskeleton Examples: – Shrimp, crab, tick, insects, spiders, centipedes

Echinoderm • 5 part radial symmetry • Spiny skin • Examples: – Sea star,

Echinoderm • 5 part radial symmetry • Spiny skin • Examples: – Sea star, sea urchin, sand dollar, sea cucumber

Chordates • All have a dorsal verve cord, most have a backbone • Examples:

Chordates • All have a dorsal verve cord, most have a backbone • Examples: – Fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds, mammals