Lotman and Pierce Transalability l Jurij l Tartu

Lotman and Pierce Transalability

l. Jurij l Tartu Lotman School of Semiotics.

l In the late 1940 s, the Soviet press launched a campaign against "cosmopolitanism", largely targeted at the Jews. Lotman, who was of Jewish origin and was not able to find employment as a researcher, moved in 1950 to Estonia. He worked first as a teacher of Russian language and literature at Tartu Teacher Training College, and in 1954 he became a docent at the University of Tartu. l Lotman's dissertation on Russian literature in the pre-Decembrist period was published in 1960. In 1963 he was appointed professor at the Department of Russian Literature. A year later Lotman launced the series Trudy po znakovym sistemam (Studies in Sign Systems), published a by the University of Tartu, but closely associated with the Institute of Slavonic Studies in Moscow. He also edited the series Trudy po russkoi i slavyanskim literaturam.

l In 1990 he was appointed member of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Lotman died of embolus in Tartu on October 28, 1993. His son Mihhail Lotman, professor at the Estonian Institute for Humanities, became also a semiotician. The Lotman. Institute for Russian and Soviet Culture at the Ruhr-University of Bochum was established in 1989.

l Charles Sanders Peirce (18391914) was the founder of American pragmatism (later called by Peirce "pragmaticism" in order to differentiate his views from others being labelled "pragmatism"), a theorist of logic, language, communication, and the general theory of signs (which was often called by Peirce "semeiotic"), an extraordinarily prolific mathematical logician and general mathematician, and a developer of an evolutionary, psycho-physically monistic metaphysical system.

mathematician, astronomer, chemist, geodesist, surveyor, cartographer, metrologist, spectroscopist, engineer, inventor; psychologist, philologist, lexicographer, historian of science, mathematical economist, lifelong student of medicine; book reviewer, dramatist, actor, short story writer; phenomenologist, semiotician, logician, rhetorician and metaphysician

l A practicing chemist and geodesist by profession, he nevertheless considered scientific philosophy, and especially logic, to be his vocation. In the course of his polymathic researches, he wrote voluminously on an exceedingly wide range of topics, ranging from mathematics, mathematical logic, physics, geodesy, spectroscopy, and astronomy, on the one hand, to psychology, anthropology, history, and economics, on the other. l His writings extend from about 1857 until near his death, a period of approximately 57 years. The topics on which he wrote have an immense range, from mathematics and the physical sciences at one extreme, to economics and the social sciences at the other extreme. when he was 16 years old, he began private study of philosophy in general, starting with Schiller's Aesthetic Letters and continuing with Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. After three years of intense study of Kant, Peirce concluded that Kant's system was vitiated by what he called its "puerile logic, " and about the age of 19 he formed the fixed intention of devoting his life to the study of and

l He said of himself that in 1861 he "No longer wondered what I would do in life but defined my object. " Apparently, his adoption of the profession of chemistry and his practice of geodesy allowed Charles both to support himself and to continue to engage in researches on logic. From the early 1860's until his death.

Conclusion l THE Lotman and Pierce works has a lot of importance to resolve the meaning of Translatability; their works was a great influence talking about Translatability; these persons was the founders of changes in this new era, that help us to l Understand Translatability in this century.