Los Cristeros y la Revolucin Mexicana Prologue to

Los Cristeros… y la Revolución Mexicana Prologue to La Cristiada: For Greater Glory

The Mexican Revolution 1910 – 1921 Nationwide; fighting particularly in west-central and northern Mexico Heroes or villains? : Pancho Villa (north); Emiliano Zapata (south) Instability and assassinations: 6 presidents in 10 years Motives: land ownership; labor laws; people tired of Porfiriato (30 -year dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz); progress without real help or change for the poor. Approx. 1 million refugees / emigrate to U. S. Real reform?

La Cristiada / For Greater Glory: CAST Dean WRIGHT, director MAIN CHARACTERS: General Enrique Gorostieta Sra. Tulita, his wife Presidente Plutarco E. Calles Ambassador Dwight Morrow -U. S. Ambassador to Mexico José Luis Sánchez del Río (child martyr) Lalo (Eduardo) – José’s best friend Padre Christopher Magallanes Anacleto González -- pacifist Cristero Adriana – ‘Cristera’ Padre Vega – ‘General, ’ combatant priest Victoriano ‘El Catorce’ Ramírez http: //www. cristiadapelicula. com/#castcrew

Revolución y los Cristeros: ¿quiénes eran? Cristero Rebellion / La Cristiada Los Cristeros Emiliano Zapata Pancho (Francisco) Villa Francisco I. Madero Constitución de 1917 ¡Viva Cristo Rey! Plutarco Elías Calles Ley de Calles (Calles Blessed (Padre) Miguel Pro Law) José Luis Sánchez del Rio General Enrique Gorostieta ¡Viva Cristo Rey! Christ the King Monument (in Guanajuato, México) http: //www. traditioninaction. org/History/B_010_Cabalgata. html

Revolucionarios: Emiliano Zapata (sur de México) Pancho Villa (norte de México)

Anacleto González Flores, mártir (1927) Los Cristeros : P

Los Cristeros : Role of women The Feminine Brigades of Saint Joan of Ar

José Luis Sánchez del Río (1928) MÁRTIRES: Padre Miguel Agustín Pro (1927)

“Ley de Calles” Artículos de la Constitución de 1917 Plutarco Elías CALLES (presidente de México, 1924 -1928)

Cristero War: timeline ²Mexican Revolution (Civil War): 1910 --1921 ²Constitution of 1917 ²Anti-clerical (against the Church and clergy) articles ² 1926: “Calles Law” ²Peaceful protest and boycotts by Catholic groups (National League for the Defense of Religious Liberty) ²Calles outraged; ordered further persecution ²Cristero uprising: West-central Mexico: (Zacatecas, Jalisco, Guanajuato, Durango, Michoacán, and Colima)

Cristero War: overview From: 1927 -1929 La Cristiada ASU Hispanic Research Center (Arizona State University) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=k 3 TXp. Kfqeho&feature=youtu. be La Crítica…Criticism… (continued)

Criticism… http: //usatoday 30. usatoday. com/life/people/2007 -04 -17 miss-mexico_n. htm Miss México, 2007 Rosa María Ojeda

The Church: JUST WAR DOCTRINE Was the CRISTERO WAR a ‘just’ war? The most authoritative and up-to-date expression of just war doctrine is found in paragraph 2309 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. It says: The strict conditions for legitimate defense by military force require rigorous consideration. The gravity of such a decision makes it subject to rigorous conditions of moral legitimacy. At one and the same time: the damage inflicted by the aggressor on the nation or community of nations must be lasting, grave, and certain; (cont…)

JUST WAR continued… all other means of putting an end to it must have been shown to be impractical or ineffective; there must be serious prospects of success; the use of arms must not produce evils and disorders graver than the evil to be eliminated. The power of modern means of destruction weighs very heavily in evaluating this condition. These are the traditional elements enumerated in what is called the "just war" doctrine. The evaluation of these conditions for moral legitimacy belongs to the prudential judgment of those who have responsibility for the common good.