Looking Inside Cells CELLS are the basic unit

Looking Inside Cells

CELLS are the basic unit of all living things. They contain tiny structures called “organelles”.

plant cell

animal cell

4 organelles you don’t have to know until high school… due to new GA standards § These will be marked with (*bhs) in front of endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, vacuoles, and ribosomes. § They will be mentioned, but you will not be graded on these 4 organelles.

Found in plant cells only: § cell wall- tough outer layer surrounding plant, fungi, and bacteria cells; supports and protects. . “outside wall” § chloroplasts- contain chlorophyll; capture sun’s energy for food production; photosynthesis… “kitchen/lunchroom/cafeteria”

Organelles found in BOTH plant and animal cells: § cell membrane- outer boundary; controls what goes in and out (selectively permeable). . “doorways” § nucleus- directs all cell activities; contains chromatin (chromosomes/DNA)…“control center/ principal’s office” § mitochondria- produce energy for the cell; powerhouse. . “electrical outlets”

more organelles…. . § (*bhs) endoplasmic reticulum – moves materials around in the cell § (*bhs) ribosomes- make protein for the cell § (*bhs) Golgi bodies- used for packaging materials to be distributed in or out of the cell

more organelles…. § (*bhs) vacuoles- storage areas for water, food, and wastes § lysosomes- break down food and worn out cell parts “trash cans / janitors/recycle bins” § Cytoplasm – clear gel-like substance inside cell

Bacteria cells are DIFFERENT from plant and animal cells…… § usually smaller § does NOT contain a nucleus…. but it does contain genetic material § cells without a nucleus are called “Prokaryotes” !!!!! (pro rhymes with no)

Bacterial cell …. no nucleus!

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes § YES…they have a § NO…does not have a nucleus and many nucleus…genetic other organelles in material scattered the cytoplasm § bacterial cells only ! § All other cells!! (protist, fungi, plant, animal)