LOGICAL FRAMEWORKLOG FRAME LF AND LOGICAL FRAMEWORK APPROACH

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LOGICAL FRAMEWORK/LOG FRAME (LF) AND LOGICAL FRAMEWORK APPROACH (LFA)

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK/LOG FRAME (LF) AND LOGICAL FRAMEWORK APPROACH (LFA)

Outline LFA: Concepts and Features Importance of LFA - Why LFA? Steps in Preparing

Outline LFA: Concepts and Features Importance of LFA - Why LFA? Steps in Preparing Terminology Used in Log Frame Matrix Preparation of LFA and Project Proposal Group Exercise on LFA Matrix Preparation

Concept of LFA The LFA is an analytical tool for objectivesoriented project planning and

Concept of LFA The LFA is an analytical tool for objectivesoriented project planning and management.

LFA Also Widely Known As … OOPP �Objectives ZOPP �Ziel Orientierte Projek Planung GOPP

LFA Also Widely Known As … OOPP �Objectives ZOPP �Ziel Orientierte Projek Planung GOPP �Goal Oriented Project Planning PM �Project Matrix

Concept of LFA is a handy summary of the key factors of the project

Concept of LFA is a handy summary of the key factors of the project for staffs, donors, beneficiaries and other stakeholders, which can be referred to throughout the lifecycle of the project. q Log frame can also provide a helpful guide to the information that needs to be gathered using participatory methods, and the outcomes of a variety of planning tools. q

LFA is a Summary of Why the project is carried out (development objective and

LFA is a Summary of Why the project is carried out (development objective and immediate objectives) What the project is supposed to produce (outputs) How the project is going to achieve the outputs (activities) How the success of the project can be measured(indicators) Where the data can be found (means of verification) Which external factors influence the project (assumptions)

Why LFA? Problems are analysed systematically The objectives are clearly formulated, logical and measurable

Why LFA? Problems are analysed systematically The objectives are clearly formulated, logical and measurable The risks and conditions for success of a project are taken into account There is an objective basis for monitoring and evaluation Your project proposal will be coherent

Using LFA Helps to: bring together and present all the key components of a

Using LFA Helps to: bring together and present all the key components of a project in a clear, concise, coherent, and systematic way; ensure there is no confusion between the various components of a project; easily check the logic of a project and identify inconsistencies and omissions; provide a consistent context for measuring achievements against indicators;

Using LFA… review project progress and make any adjustments; and maintain accountability and transparency

Using LFA… review project progress and make any adjustments; and maintain accountability and transparency between all parties involved throughout the project life-cycle.

Terminologies Used in LFA Goal/impact: the highest or ultimate objective Purpose/outcome: immediate benefit from

Terminologies Used in LFA Goal/impact: the highest or ultimate objective Purpose/outcome: immediate benefit from the project Output: measurable outcomes to be achieved Activities: actions required to get outputs Input: resources to undertake activities OVI: measures (direct/indirect) for verification

How LFA Works? Goal National/se ctor area Purpose Project area Present situation Outputs Inputs

How LFA Works? Goal National/se ctor area Purpose Project area Present situation Outputs Inputs Project area Activities Expected situation

A Standard LFA Project Elements/ Narrative Summary Indicators/Obj Means of ectively Verification Verifiable (Mo.

A Standard LFA Project Elements/ Narrative Summary Indicators/Obj Means of ectively Verification Verifiable (Mo. V) Indicators (OVI) Assumptions/ Risk Goal (1) Indicators (9) Mo. V (10) Project Purpose Indicators (2) (11) Mo. V (12) Assumptions (8) Outputs (3) Indicators (13) Mo. V (14) Assumptions (7) Activities (4) Inputs (5) Assumptions (6)

LFA Example Project Elements 1. Goal Improved bus service 2. Project Purpose Frequency of

LFA Example Project Elements 1. Goal Improved bus service 2. Project Purpose Frequency of bus accident reduced 3. Outputs 1. Drivers trained 2. # new bus operational 3. Maintenance workshop equipped 4. Maintenance routine established 4. Activities Indicators departure and arrival on time market share increase accidents and injury reduced by X % Mo. V Assump Traffic records # of trained drivers # of new bus equipments in w. s. maintenance routine 5. Inputs 1. Driving instructor X months 1. Undertake training 2. Funds for buses programme 3. Funds for tools and spare 2. Procure buses 3. Procure tools and spare-parts Road conditions are improved Trained drivers remain with the bus company Buses, its tools and spares supplied and cleared in time

Problem Analysis Economic losses for passenger Trust deficit of bus company Casualty Time consuming

Problem Analysis Economic losses for passenger Trust deficit of bus company Casualty Time consuming travel Frequent bus accidents Drivers are not careful enough Bad conditions of vehicles Vehicles are too old Bad conditions of roads Insufficient maintenance

Objective Analysis Option 1 Trust for bus company is restored Reduced economic losses for

Objective Analysis Option 1 Trust for bus company is restored Reduced economic losses for passenger Less time consuming travel Less casualty Frequency of accidents considerably reduced Drivers drive carefully and responsibly Drivers are better trained Vehicles are kept in good condition Old vehicles are replaced Road conditions are improved Vehicles are maintained regularly Option 2

Alternatives Option 1: Better drivers Option 2: Better buses Option 3: Better drivers and

Alternatives Option 1: Better drivers Option 2: Better buses Option 3: Better drivers and buses

Alternative Analysis Option 1 Better Drivers Option 2 Better Buses Option 3 1+2 Combined

Alternative Analysis Option 1 Better Drivers Option 2 Better Buses Option 3 1+2 Combined Cost Low High Chances of success Low High Benefit High Low High Time horizon Short Long Social risk Small

Intervention Logic of Project + Assumptions IN OUT Goal/impact Project Purpose Outputs/results Activities +

Intervention Logic of Project + Assumptions IN OUT Goal/impact Project Purpose Outputs/results Activities + + + If the activities are carried out, and if assumptions are valid, then. . . Assumptions Pre-conditions

An Example of “If and Then” Logic Goal � “to create a community of

An Example of “If and Then” Logic Goal � “to create a community of happy children and adults in a village” If we establish a community committee (activity) and people are enthusiastic (assumption) then we’ll have the capacity to build and manage a playground (output). If we have a playground (output) and it’s easy to maintain (assumption) then children will have fun (purpose). If children are having fun (purpose) and families continue to grow in the village (assumption) then we’ll reach the goal of a

“If and Then” Logic … OVI Mo. V Assum. /Risk 10% increase in the

“If and Then” Logic … OVI Mo. V Assum. /Risk 10% increase in the no. of Grades 5 -6 primary students continuing on to high school with in 3 years Improve reading profeciency among children in Grade 5 -6 by 20% within 3 years Improved reading proficiency provides self confidence required to stay in school 500 Grade 5 -6 students with low reading proficiency complete a reading summary camp Children apply what they learnt in the summer camp at school Run five summer reading camps, each with capacity IF THE N AND Parents of children with low proficiency are willing to

Risks/Assumptions Is the RISK important to your project? Yes No What is its probability?

Risks/Assumptions Is the RISK important to your project? Yes No What is its probability? Unlikely Fairly Unlikely Ignore Almost certain Formulate an assumption Can the project strategy be modified to eliminate the risk? No Yes STOP the project Modify strategy, add activities

What is Risk Analysis? Risk analysis involved ‘rating’ of assumptions based on their likelihood

What is Risk Analysis? Risk analysis involved ‘rating’ of assumptions based on their likelihood of holding true. � Low risk assumptions will probably hold true (little threat to project) � Medium risk assumptions may or may not hold true (some threat to project) � High risk assumptions will probably NOT hold true (high threat to project) Activities /Inputs Assumptio ns ns ns Low High Moderate risks Purpose/ Outputs outcome s Goal/ impact

LFA Example Project Elements/Narrative Summary 1. Goal • Improved economic status of farmers Indicators/Objectiv

LFA Example Project Elements/Narrative Summary 1. Goal • Improved economic status of farmers Indicators/Objectiv ely Verifiable Indicators 20% increase in agricultural income 2. Project Purpose • Irrigate land • Increase agricultural production Increased farm production 3. Outputs • Community based irrigation system constructed Project completion report 4. Activities • Field survey • Construction of … km canals • Construction of … km sub-canals 5. Inputs Budget NPR … Lakhs Means of Verification (Mo. V) Assumption/Ri sk Records indicating percapita income -Marketing (district profile system works Field survey, properly observation, -Community statistical record people use of District irrigation Agriculture system Office properly -Community Project record participation is and field obtained inspection -Budget realese in Bills and time, timely invoices availability of construction

Activity-Planning Logical framework Activities Plan of action

Activity-Planning Logical framework Activities Plan of action

Project Proposal and LF Matrix Terminologies Project Proposal Logical Framework General objective Goal/impact Specific

Project Proposal and LF Matrix Terminologies Project Proposal Logical Framework General objective Goal/impact Specific objective Purpose/outcome Expected outcome Outputs/results Required Input resources/budget Proposed activity Activity Monitoring and OVI/Mo. V evaluation

Group Exercise on LFA Prepare a log frame of the project that you identified

Group Exercise on LFA Prepare a log frame of the project that you identified earlier and present in plenary.

References IPPF, 2006, Proposal that Works. NORAD, 1999, The Logical Framework Approach. Sida [SWEDISH

References IPPF, 2006, Proposal that Works. NORAD, 1999, The Logical Framework Approach. Sida [SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY], 2005, The Use and Abuse of the Logical Framework Approach. Guide to Logical Framework Approach: A Key Approach for Project Cycle Management (http: //www. evropa. gov. rs/Evropa/Show. Document. aspx? Type=Home&Id=525) Adapted from http: //www. slideshare. net/nooone/logicalframeworkandprojectproposal 1196796740170672

Project Proposal 1. Introduction/background 2. Rational/justification 3. General objective 4. Specific objective 5. Expected

Project Proposal 1. Introduction/background 2. Rational/justification 3. General objective 4. Specific objective 5. Expected outcome 6. Proposed activity 7. Required resources/budget 8. Monitoring and evaluation 9. Risks/assumptions 10. Sustainability plan 11. References (if any) Presentation starts @. . : . . (each group will get 10 mins for presentation, 1 laptop in each group)