LOGICAL FRAMEWORK APPROACH LFA Concept of LFA The

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK APPROACH (LFA)

Concept of LFA The LFA is an analytical tool for objectivesoriented project planning and management.

Concept of LFA is a handy summary of the key factors of the project for staffs, donors, beneficiaries and other stakeholders, which can be referred to throughout the lifecycle of the project. q Log frame can also provide a helpful guide to the information that needs to be gathered using participatory methods, and the outcomes of a variety of planning tools. q

LFA is a summary of q Why the project is carried out (development objective and immediate objectives) Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program • Improve health and well-being of the people of Kathmandu Valley (DO). • Alleviate shortage of potable water in Kathmandu Valley (IO).

LFA is a summary of q What the project is supposed to produce (outputs) • • Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program Establishing appropriate institutional framework Establishing National Water Supply Regulatory Board Establishing water authority for Kathmandu Valley Forming and incorporating Water Utility Operator

LFA is a summary of q How the project is going to achieve the outputs (activities) Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program • Designing of modalities to be used for pro-poor water supply service delivery and incorporating them as conditions in the prospective RFP and in the subsequent contract with Management Contractor • Water authority for Kathmandu Valley starts

LFA is a summary of q How the success of the project can be measured (indicators) Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program • Reduced incidence of water-borne diseases of the population by the commissioning date of the MWSP • Adequate quantity of water supplied (total and for the poor) to make secondary sources no longer needed

LFA is a summary of q Where the data can be found (means of verification) Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program • Government health statistics to be reviewed on an annual basis • NWSRB benchmarking key performance indicators to be monitored throughout the program period

LFA is a summary of q Which external factors influence the project (assumptions) Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program • Institutional reforms under the Local Self. Governance Act work and the introduction of private sector participation is not delayed • Temporary absence of Parliament and elected municipal government officials

LFA is a summary of q Which inputs are required for the project (inputs/budget) Case: Melamchi Water Supply Project and Kathmandu Valley Water Services Sector Development Program • Program loan total ($5 million) • Project loan total ($10 million) • Performance-based management contract consulting services (10 person-months international; 43 person months domestic)

Why LFA? Problems are analysed systematically The objectives are clearly formulated, logical and measurable The risks and conditions for success of a project are taken into account There is an objective basis for monitoring and evaluation Your project proposal will be coherent

Using LFA Helps to: bring together and present all the key components of a project in a clear, concise, coherent, and systematic way; ensure there is no confusion between the various components of a project; easily check the logic of a project and identify inconsistencies and omissions; provide a consistent context for measuring achievements against indicators;

Using LFA… review project progress and make any adjustments; and maintain accountability and transparency between all parties involved throughout the project life-cycle.

Terminologies Used in LFA Goal/impact: the highest or ultimate objective Purpose/outcome: immediate benefit from the project Output: measurable outcomes to be achieved Activities: actions required to get outputs Input: resources to undertake activities OVI: measures (direct/indirect) for verification

How LFA Works? Goal National/se ctor area Purpose Project area Present situation Outputs Inputs Project area Activities Expected situation

A Standard LFA Project Elements/ Narrative Summary Indicators/Obj Means of ectively Verification Verifiable (Mo. V) Indicators (OVI) Assumptions/ Risk Goal (1) Indicators (9) Mo. V (10) Project Purpose Indicators (2) (11) Mo. V (12) Assumptions (8) Outputs (3) Indicators (13) Mo. V (14) Assumptions (7) Activities (4) Inputs (5) Assumptions (6)

LFA Example Project Elements Indicators Mo. V Assump. 1. Goal Safe and reliable transportation departure and arrival on Traffic records system time market share increase 2. Project Purpose Road conditions accidents and injury 1. Bus service improved are improved reduced by X % 2. Frequency of bus accident reduced 3. Outputs Trained drivers # of trained drivers 1. Drivers trained remain with # of new bus 2. # new bus operational the bus equipments in w. s. 3. Maintenance workshop company maintenance routine equipped 4. Maintenance routine 5. Inputs Buses, its established 1. Driving instructor X months tools and 4. Activities 2. Funds for buses spares 1. Undertake training 3. Funds for tools and sparesupplied and programme parts cleared in time 2. Procure buses 3. Procure tools and spare-parts 4. Maintenance instructor Y

Intervention Logic of Project + Assumptions IN OUT Goal/impact Project Purpose Outputs/results Activities + + + If the activities are carried out, and if assumptions are valid, then. . . Assumptions Pre-conditions

An Example of “If and Then” Logic Goal � “to create a community of happy children and adults in a village” If we establish a community committee (activity) and people are enthusiastic (assumption) then we’ll have the capacity to build and manage a playground (output). If we have a playground (output) and it’s easy to maintain (assumption) then children will have fun (purpose). If children are having fun (purpose) and families continue to grow in the village (assumption) then we’ll reach the goal of a

“If and Then” Logic … OVI Mo. V Assum. /Risk 10% increase in the no. of Grades 5 -6 primary students continuing on to high school with in 3 years Improve reading profeciency among children in Grade 5 -6 by 20% within 3 years Improved reading proficiency provides self confidence required to stay in school 500 Grade 5 -6 students with low reading proficiency complete a reading summary camp Children apply what they learnt in the summer camp at school Run five summer reading camps, each with capacity IF THE N AND Parents of children with low proficiency are willing to

LFA Example Project Elements/Narrative Summary 1. Goal • Improved economic status of farmers Indicators/Objectiv ely Verifiable Indicators 20% increase in agricultural income 2. Project Purpose • Irrigate land • Increase agricultural production Increased farm production 3. Outputs • Community based irrigation system constructed Project completion report 4. Activities • Field survey • Construction of … km canals • Construction of … km sub-canals 5. Inputs Budget NPR … Lakhs Means of Verification (Mo. V) Assumption/Ri sk Records indicating percapita income -Marketing (district profile system works Field survey, properly observation, -Community statistical record people use of District irrigation Agriculture system Office properly -Community Project record participation is and field obtained inspection -Budget realese in Bills and time, timely invoices availability of construction

Group Exercise on LFA Prepare a log frame of the project that you identified earlier and present in plenary.

References IPPF, 2006, Proposal that Works. NORAD, 1999, The Logical Framework Approach. Sida [SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY], 2005, The Use and Abuse of the Logical Framework Approach. Guide to Logical Framework Approach: A Key Approach for Project Cycle Management (http: //www. evropa. gov. rs/Evropa/Show. Document. aspx? Type=Home&Id=525) Adapted from http: //www. slideshare. net/nooone/logicalframeworkandprojectproposal 1196796740170672