Logical Fallacies Argumentum Ad Hominem Attacking the persons
![Logical Fallacies Logical Fallacies](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-1.jpg)
![Argumentum Ad Hominem • Attacking the person’s character or personal traits rather than the Argumentum Ad Hominem • Attacking the person’s character or personal traits rather than the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-2.jpg)
![Anecdotal • Using a personal example or isolated experience instead of concrete evidence • Anecdotal • Using a personal example or isolated experience instead of concrete evidence •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-3.jpg)
![Appeal to Authority • Not meant to dismiss the claims of experts • Stating Appeal to Authority • Not meant to dismiss the claims of experts • Stating](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-4.jpg)
![Appeal to Emotion • Manipulating emotion (fear, pity, pride, and more) to win an Appeal to Emotion • Manipulating emotion (fear, pity, pride, and more) to win an](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-5.jpg)
![Appeal to Nature • Argument based on the concept that something is good because Appeal to Nature • Argument based on the concept that something is good because](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-6.jpg)
![Bandwagon • Appealing to popularity of belief/choice or the fact that many people agree Bandwagon • Appealing to popularity of belief/choice or the fact that many people agree](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-7.jpg)
![Begging the Question • Claim includes the assumption the conclusion is true • Also Begging the Question • Claim includes the assumption the conclusion is true • Also](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-8.jpg)
![Black or White • Presenting only two alternatives where more exist • Also called Black or White • Presenting only two alternatives where more exist • Also called](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-9.jpg)
![Burden of Proof • Saying the burden of proof lies on someone else to Burden of Proof • Saying the burden of proof lies on someone else to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-10.jpg)
![The Fallacy • Inferring that a conclusion cannot be true because the argument constructed The Fallacy • Inferring that a conclusion cannot be true because the argument constructed](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-11.jpg)
![Invalid Conclusion • In a syllogism a fallacy whereby the major premise and minor Invalid Conclusion • In a syllogism a fallacy whereby the major premise and minor](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-12.jpg)
![Personal Incredulity • The premise that because something is difficult to understand, or you Personal Incredulity • The premise that because something is difficult to understand, or you](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-13.jpg)
![Slippery Slope • Presuming one event will inevitably follow another without rational proof as Slippery Slope • Presuming one event will inevitably follow another without rational proof as](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-14.jpg)
![Strawman • Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack • Similar to Strawman • Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack • Similar to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-15.jpg)
![The Texas Sharpshooter • Also called “clustering illusion” • Ignoring differences in data and The Texas Sharpshooter • Also called “clustering illusion” • Ignoring differences in data and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-16.jpg)
![Tu Quoque • Also called the “appeal to hypocrisy” • Tries to discredit an Tu Quoque • Also called the “appeal to hypocrisy” • Tries to discredit an](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-17.jpg)
- Slides: 17
![Logical Fallacies Logical Fallacies](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-1.jpg)
Logical Fallacies
![Argumentum Ad Hominem Attacking the persons character or personal traits rather than the Argumentum Ad Hominem • Attacking the person’s character or personal traits rather than the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-2.jpg)
Argumentum Ad Hominem • Attacking the person’s character or personal traits rather than the argument at hand • Rejecting a claim based on the person defending it
![Anecdotal Using a personal example or isolated experience instead of concrete evidence Anecdotal • Using a personal example or isolated experience instead of concrete evidence •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-3.jpg)
Anecdotal • Using a personal example or isolated experience instead of concrete evidence • May also occur when refuting statistics with personal stories and isolated incidents
![Appeal to Authority Not meant to dismiss the claims of experts Stating Appeal to Authority • Not meant to dismiss the claims of experts • Stating](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-4.jpg)
Appeal to Authority • Not meant to dismiss the claims of experts • Stating claims as true simply because an authority on the subject is in agreement
![Appeal to Emotion Manipulating emotion fear pity pride and more to win an Appeal to Emotion • Manipulating emotion (fear, pity, pride, and more) to win an](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-5.jpg)
Appeal to Emotion • Manipulating emotion (fear, pity, pride, and more) to win an argument • Argument lacks logic and factual evidence
![Appeal to Nature Argument based on the concept that something is good because Appeal to Nature • Argument based on the concept that something is good because](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-6.jpg)
Appeal to Nature • Argument based on the concept that something is good because it is “natural” or bad because it is “unnatural” • Nature decides what is right/good
![Bandwagon Appealing to popularity of beliefchoice or the fact that many people agree Bandwagon • Appealing to popularity of belief/choice or the fact that many people agree](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-7.jpg)
Bandwagon • Appealing to popularity of belief/choice or the fact that many people agree with claim x • Also called “appeal to the masses” • Offers the threat of rejection (relies on peer pressure)
![Begging the Question Claim includes the assumption the conclusion is true Also Begging the Question • Claim includes the assumption the conclusion is true • Also](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-8.jpg)
Begging the Question • Claim includes the assumption the conclusion is true • Also called “circular reasoning”
![Black or White Presenting only two alternatives where more exist Also called Black or White • Presenting only two alternatives where more exist • Also called](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-9.jpg)
Black or White • Presenting only two alternatives where more exist • Also called “either-or fallacy” or “false dilemma” • Over-simplifies an argument and narrows options
![Burden of Proof Saying the burden of proof lies on someone else to Burden of Proof • Saying the burden of proof lies on someone else to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-10.jpg)
Burden of Proof • Saying the burden of proof lies on someone else to disprove the claim • Essentially “guilty until proven innocent”
![The Fallacy Inferring that a conclusion cannot be true because the argument constructed The Fallacy • Inferring that a conclusion cannot be true because the argument constructed](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-11.jpg)
The Fallacy • Inferring that a conclusion cannot be true because the argument constructed contains one or more fallacies • Also called argumentum ad logicam (argument to logic)
![Invalid Conclusion In a syllogism a fallacy whereby the major premise and minor Invalid Conclusion • In a syllogism a fallacy whereby the major premise and minor](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-12.jpg)
Invalid Conclusion • In a syllogism a fallacy whereby the major premise and minor premise do not add up to the conclusion • Or where fallacies exist within the premise(s)
![Personal Incredulity The premise that because something is difficult to understand or you Personal Incredulity • The premise that because something is difficult to understand, or you](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-13.jpg)
Personal Incredulity • The premise that because something is difficult to understand, or you are unaware of how it works, it is not true
![Slippery Slope Presuming one event will inevitably follow another without rational proof as Slippery Slope • Presuming one event will inevitably follow another without rational proof as](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-14.jpg)
Slippery Slope • Presuming one event will inevitably follow another without rational proof as to why • Post Hoc is a related fallacy where it is assumed that A causes B, simply because A happens before B.
![Strawman Misrepresenting someones argument to make it easier to attack Similar to Strawman • Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack • Similar to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-15.jpg)
Strawman • Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack • Similar to the cliché metaphor of “putting words in someone’s mouth”
![The Texas Sharpshooter Also called clustering illusion Ignoring differences in data and The Texas Sharpshooter • Also called “clustering illusion” • Ignoring differences in data and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-16.jpg)
The Texas Sharpshooter • Also called “clustering illusion” • Ignoring differences in data and focusing solely on similarities • Inserts meaning into randomness
![Tu Quoque Also called the appeal to hypocrisy Tries to discredit an Tu Quoque • Also called the “appeal to hypocrisy” • Tries to discredit an](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/04582b4be85557b54601249faef74f7c/image-17.jpg)
Tu Quoque • Also called the “appeal to hypocrisy” • Tries to discredit an opponents argument by stating they have not consistently behaved in accordance with their conclusions
Hominem uti hominem educare oportet
What is the significance of proctor plowing on sunday
One persons trash is another persons treasure
Owl purdue fallacies
Nonfiction test
Logical fallacies in the crucible
Logical fallacies propaganda
Logical fallacies guided notes
Moral equivalence fallacy examples in real life
Penalaran
Ethos logos pathos quiz
Logical fallacy definition
Logical fallacies in academic writing
Examples of dogmatism fallacy
Purdue owl logical fallacies
False choice
Logical fallacies detector
Plain folks animal farm