LOGIC GATE TIMING DIAGRAM 1 And gate timing

LOGIC GATE TIMING DIAGRAM 1

And gate timing diagram 2

OR Gate Timing diagrams 3

Inverter Timing diagrams 4

The NAND Gate Timing diagrams 5

NAND Gate is a Universal Gate 6

The NOR Gate Timing diagrams 7

NOR Gate is a universal gate 8

The Exclusive-OR Gates h t y Tr g n i m i t e 9 r g dia ! ! ! am

The Exclusive-NOR Gates h t y Tr g n i m i t e 10 r g dia ! ! ! am

Boolean Algebra n n n Mathematics of digital system Important in the analysis of logic circuit Boolean algebra defines 3 operations: 1. addition, 2. multiplication, and 3. complementation. These correspond to the logic operations OR, AND and NOT respectively. 11

Boolean Addition and 1. Multiplication The rules for Boolean Addition are: 2. The rules for Boolean Multiplication are: 12

Commutative Law 13

Associative Law 14

Distributive Law 15

Digital IC What is IC? n An integrated circuit (IC) is a silicon semiconductor crystal, called a chip, containing the electronic components for constructing digital gates. n Various gates connected inside to form required ckt. n Logic Gates are the basic building blocks of Digital Logics and Circuits. n Digital ICs are often categorized according to the complexity of their circuits, as measured by the number of logic gates in a single package. 16

Digital IC packaging density 17

Positive and Negative logic 18

Positive and Negative logic 19

Digital ICs n n Digital ICs are classified not only by their complexity or logical operation, but also by the specific circuit technology to which they belong. The circuit technology is referred to as a digital logic family. Each logic family has its own basic electronic circuit upon which more complex digital circuits and components are developed. The basic circuit in each technology is a NAND, NOR, or inverter gate. 20

Digital IC Logic Family RTL : (Resistor-Transistor Logic) n DTL : (Diode-Transistor Logic) n TTL : (Transistor-Transistor Logic) n ECL : (Emitter-Coupled Logic) n MOS : (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) n CMOS : (Complementary MOS) n 21

Any question? 22