Local and General Complications and emergencies COMPLICATIONS AND

Local and General Complications and emergencies

COMPLICATIONS AND EMERGENCIES The widespread use of local anesthesia in both dental and medical practice today is in itself a tribute to both the effectiveness and safety of the method. Nevertheless, difficulties and complications occasionally occur and it is essential that the dental surgeon should know how to minimize their incidence. However, he should never forget that any one of the many thousands of injections he gives may cause an unwonted or even a dangerous reaction and must take steps to ensure that he has both the knowledge and means to diagnose and deal effectively with such a situation. In order to do this he must be familiar with the etiology of the difficulties and complications and both he and his staff should be both proficient and practiced in dealing with emergencies.

Untoward reactions : A--Local 1 - Failure to obtain anaesthesia. 2 -Pain during and after injection. 3 -Haematoma formation at the site of the injection. 4 - Intra-vascular injection. 5 - Blanching. 6 - Trismus 7 - Facial paralysis. 8 - Prolonged impairment of sensation. 9 - Broken needles. 10 - Infection. 11 - Lip trauma. 12 -Visual disturbances. 13 -Post anesthetic intra oral lesion 14 -Edema 15 -Sloughing of tissue 16 -Burning on injection

B--General 1 -Fainting (vaso-vagal attack). 2 - Drug interactions. 3 -Homologous serum jaundice. 4 -Sensitivity reactions. 5 -Occupational dermatitis. 6 -Needle-stick Injuries 6 - Cardio-respiratory emergencies.