Living or Not 1 Create your foldable on

Living or Not? 1. Create your foldable on the blue paper. 2. Write BIOLOGY at the top of the left door and the definition at the top of the right door. 3. 4. 5. Label the left door: LIVING Label the right door: NON-LIVING Draw a picture of something that matches each heading. (5 minutes) 6. As you see the pictures: record the # of the specimen and what it is (if you know) under the appropriate heading, “living” OR “non” on your paper. If you are not sure, make a guess!

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

In Conclusion… • Look through the items on your paper: – Circle items that are PRODUCTS of living things. – Underline items that WERE ONCE alive. • • As a table make a list of requirements for life.

The Nature of Biology • “Bio”=life, “ology”=the study of • Biology, therefore, is the study of living things, called organisms.

But, how do you determine what’s living? • Defining “living” is notoriously difficult. Each scientist would define it differently • The compromise: – Come up with a set of characteristics that all living things share – If something has all characteristics, it’s living and we officially call it an organism – If not, it’s non-living • Let’s look at these characteristics. . .

Organization • All living things are organized into cells which contain DNA • Cell-the smallest units of living things that are themselves living – Cells can be prokaryotic—simple or eukaryotic-complex • DNA-genetic material in the cell • Hierarchy of organization (Where does the “living” begin? ): Atom Molecule Macromolecul e Organelle Cell Tissue Organ System Organism Species

Reproduction • Reproduction-necessary for the species but not the individual to create new organisms. – Species is a group of individuals that are closely related and can produce fertile offspring. • Two types of reproduction in organisms: – Sexual-requires a combination of DNA from two individuals. Offspring contains ½ DNA from one parent and ½ from the other – Asexual-requires that one individual clone (copy) itself. DNA of offspring is identical to that of the parent.

Growth and Development • Okay, technically these are 2 characteristics that sound like one. So what’s the difference? • Growth-getting bigger, adding matter/molecules to the organism • Development-maturing, going from infant or larval forms to adult forms capable of reproduction

Homeostasis • Homeo comes from the root word “homo” which means same, and stasis implies that something is “static, ” which means unchanging. • The term “Homeostasis” means that organisms have a constant, stable set of internal conditions that are in balance. When homeostasis is disrupted, the body’s systems must compensate to reestablish the balance – Ex. Shivering when cold, Sweating when hot, increasing heart rate and breathing in response to exercise.

Adaptation • A physical or behavioral change that improves survival. This is how organisms change over time. • Some adaptations are responses to stimuli that help the organism maintain homeostasis.

Obtaining and Using Energy • All organisms have a Metabolism – Chemical processes within an organism that produce energy to carry out life functions • In order to fuel their metabolism, organisms must get energy from the environment in one of two ways: – Autotrophs are also called producers because they can use photosynthesis to convert the sun’s energy into sugars and starches – Heterotrophs are also called consumers because they have to eat other things to obtain the sugars and starches, as well as other macromolecules that fuel their metabolism

Bigger Understandings. . . • How are organisms unified? What things are common to all, besides the fact that they all have the same characteristics? • What determines an organism’s complexity?

Characteristics of Life • Cells-the smallest unit of life that contain DNA the genetic code. • Reproduction-necessary for the species but not the individual. – Species is a group of individuals that are closely related and can produce fertile offspring. • Growth and Development • Homeostasis – Stable conditions, internal balance – Ex. Shivering, Sweat, Osmosis • Adaptation-a physical or behavioral change that improves survival. This is how organisms change over time. • Obtain and Use Energy – Metabolism – Chemical processes within an organism that produce energy to carry out life functions