Livestock Perspectives on Bioenergy coproducts Feeding DDGS to

Livestock Perspectives on Bio-energy co-products

Feeding DDGS to IN Livestock Specie Swine Dairy Repl. Heifers Poultry Beef/cow-calf Diet inclusion 10% 20% 30% 10% var. TOTAL tons / year 274, 950 263, 000 70, 000 177, 390 47, 477 832, 817 Est. production of DDGS = 1. 4 M tons 60%

DDGS Nutritional Issues 1. Variability in available amino acids – Lys digestibility range = 60 to 84% – Novus Intl. in vitro assay (r 2 = 0. 88)

Amino Acid Digestibility (%) Novus Intl. , 2006

High Dig. Lys. Low Dig. Lys.

DDGS Nutritional Issues 1. Variability in available amino acids – Lys digestibility range = 60 to 84% 2. Variability in available energy – ME ranges between 2629 to 2981 kcal/kg 3. Variability in phosphorus Corn DDGS Total P, % 0. 3 0. 75 Available P, % total P 20 to 30% 60 to 80%

DDGS Nutritional Issues 4. Variability in sodium content (corn=0. 02%) – 0. 05 to 0. 17% Typical diet = 0. 18% 5. Pelleting – molasses “balls” from solubles cause “gumming” of dies reducing throughput and pellet durability 6. INCONSISTENCY (w/in & between plants) 7. Mycotoxins (concentrated 3 X) 8. Sulfur content (0. 4 to 0. 8 vs corn = 0. 12)

SBM vs DDGS • DDGS contains 62% of the protein of SBM = 44 or 48 DDGS = 27 • DDGS contains 30% of the total lysine of SBM = 2. 83 DDGS = 0. 84 • DDGS contains 16% of the available lysine SBM = 2. 41 DDGS = 0. 39

Feed Manufacturing Issues • • • Flow rates (handling / transportation) Bridging- bad with high inclusion rates Particle size? ( < 400 to > 600 um) Separation/settling issues? Pelletability? Wet feeding - spoilage

Other Issues / Unknowns with DDGS • Effect on Animal Performance (including reproductive performance) ? • Effect on Product Quality ?

Other Issues / Unknowns with DDGS • Effect on Animal Performance (including reproductive performance) ? • Effect on Product Quality ? • Effect on Nutrient Management ? • Producer Education

Processing Methods or Technologies 1. Conventional dry grind

Co-products in Dry Grind Corn Process One bushel of Corn Dry Grind Facility 2. 5 -2. 7 gal of Ethanol 15 -17 lbs of DDGS Ruminant Feed Nonruminant Food V. Singh, UIUC

Processing Methods or Technologies 1. Conventional dry grind 2. Modified dry grind – recovers germ and pericarp fiber with a horizontal drum degerminator 3. Quick germ quick fiber – recovers germ and pericarp fiber by soaking corn in water for 6 to 12 hours with alpha-amylase

Coproducts from Modified Dry Grind and Quick Germ Quick Fiber Processes Corn Dry Grind Facility One bushel Corn Dry Degerm Defiber Process 4 lb Germ + 2. 6 gal Ethanol 7. 0 lb Residual DDGS 4 lb Pericar p Fiber Ruminant Food Nonruminant Food V. Singh, UIUC

Effect of Processing Technology on Nutrient Content of DDGS (%)1 Conventional dry grind Modified dry grind Quick germ quick fiber Protein 21 25 28 Fat 14 9 6 Fiber (TDF) 36 28 25 Component Lysine 0. 73 0. 63 0. 91 Phosphorus, % 0. 78 0. 47 1. 12 1 dry matter basis. Parsons et al. , 2006

Processing Methods or Technologies 1. Conventional dry grind 2. Modified dry grind – recovers germ and pericarp fiber with a horizontal drum degerminator 3. Quick germ quick fiber – recovers germ and pericarp fiber by soaking corn in water for 6 to 12 hours with alpha-amylase 4. Enzymatic Dry Grind (E-Mill) – uses enzymes to recover additional endosperm fiber

Coproducts from Enzymatic Dry Grind (E-Mill) Corn Dry Grind Facility One bushel Corn Quick Germ 3. 3 lb Germ Quick Fiber 4 lb Pericar p Fiber 2. 6 gal Ethanol E-Mill 3. 7 lb Residual DDGS 4 lb Endosperm Fiber Ruminant Food Nonruminant Food V. Singh, UIUC

Overall Issues with DDGS • • • Product Variation Handling, Storage, Transportation Effect on Animal Performance Effect on Product Quality Effect on Nutrient Management Producer Education

Glycerol from Bio-diesel • ~ 10% of production • What to do with off-spec for human / industrial use? • Can use up to 10% in diets (CHO energy +) • Purity vs. cost? • Pellet binder? • Change in animal fat composition / amount • Handling issues?

Helpful Resources • http: //www. ddgs. umn. edu/ • http: //ilift. traill. uiuc. edu/distillers/