Liver hormones Outline Liver definition Liver structure Liver

Outline Liver definition Liver structure Liver hormones Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Angiotensinogen Thrombopoietin (TPO) Hepcidin

Liver definition • The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabol

Liver structure • The liver is a reddish-brown wedgeshaped organ with four lobes of

Liver hormones Liver secret many hormones and this hormones are : Insulin-like Growth Factor-1

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 • Growth hormone released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 • Many cells have receptors for IGF-1, especially cells in the

Angiotensinogen • Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in

Thrombopoietin (TPO) • Thrombopoietin is a protein of 332 amino acids. It stimulates precursor

Hepcidin • Hepcidin is a peptide of 25 amino acids. It blocks the release

Hepcidin • Hepcidin binds to ferroportin on the surface of duodenal enterocytes and splenic

Betatrophin • Betatrophin is a protein of 193 amino acids that stimulates the proliferation

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Liver hormones

Outline Liver definition Liver structure Liver hormones Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Angiotensinogen Thrombopoietin (TPO) Hepcidin Betatrophin References

Liver definition • The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabol ites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm.

Outline Liver definition Liver structure Liver hormones Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Angiotensinogen Thrombopoietin (TPO) Hepcidin Betatrophin References

Liver structure • The liver is a reddish-brown wedgeshaped organ with four lobes of unequal size and shape. A human liver normally weighs 1. 44– 1. 66 kg (3. 2– 3. 7 lb), and has a width of about 15 cm.

Outline Liver definition Liver structure Liver hormones Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Angiotensinogen Thrombopoietin (TPO) Hepcidin Betatrophin References

Liver hormones Liver secret many hormones and this hormones are : Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Angiotensinogen Thrombopoietin (TPO) Hepcidin Betatrophin

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 • Growth hormone released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary. • binds to receptors on the surface of liver cells which stimulates the synthesis and release of IGF-1 from them.

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 • Many cells have receptors for IGF-1, especially cells in the bone marrow and in the cartilaginous growing regions of the long bones. • Binding of IGF-1 to cells with receptors for it stimulates them to move from G 1 of the cell cycle to S phase and on to mitosis

Outline Liver definition Liver structure Liver hormones Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Angiotensinogen Thrombopoietin (TPO) Hepcidin Betatrophin References

Angiotensinogen • Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure. It is part of the renin– angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure. • Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys.

Angiotensinogen

Outline Liver definition Liver structure Liver hormones Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Angiotensinogen Thrombopoietin (TPO) Hepcidin Betatrophin References

Thrombopoietin (TPO) • Thrombopoietin is a protein of 332 amino acids. It stimulates precursor cells in the bone marrow to differentiate into megakaryocytes. Megakaryocytes generate platelets, essential to blood clotting.

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

Outline Liver definition Liver structure Liver hormones Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Angiotensinogen Thrombopoietin (TPO) Hepcidin Betatrophin References

Hepcidin • Hepcidin is a peptide of 25 amino acids. It blocks the release of iron from intracellular stores in the body. This function not only helps to maintain homeostatic levels of iron in the body fluids but also serves as a defense against invasion by pathogenic bacteria. • Many pathogens require substantial amounts of iron for their virulence and the release of hepcidin in response to infection starves them of this needed iron.

Hepcidin • Hepcidin binds to ferroportin on the surface of duodenal enterocytes and splenic macrophages, and induces the internalization and lysosomal degradation of ferroportin, thereby reducing the body's iron stores and iron deposition in the bone

Hepcidin

Outline Liver definition Liver structure Liver hormones Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Angiotensinogen Thrombopoietin (TPO) Hepcidin Betatrophin References

Betatrophin • Betatrophin is a protein of 193 amino acids that stimulates the proliferation of the insulin-secreting beta cells of the pancreas. Perhaps injections of betatrophin, made by recombinant DNA technology, may turn out to be a useful treatment for diabetes mellitus.

Betatrophin

Outline Liver definition Liver structure Liver hormones Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Angiotensinogen Thrombopoietin (TPO) Hepcidin Betatrophin References

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