LITHIUM BATTERY PRODUCTION DRY ROOMS Robert Smith Harris

LITHIUM BATTERY PRODUCTION DRY ROOMS Robert Smith Harris Environmental Systems Inc March 2001

How Dry Do You Need Your Dry Room To Be? With Lithium Metal Primary Batteries, 2%RH or Less Is Typical n For Li Polymer, Do Lower dewpoints = Higher Yields? ? n 1%RH = -34 C Dewpoint = 246 ppmv n. 5%RH = -40 C Dewpoint = 127 ppmv n. 04%RH = -60 C Dewpoint = 10. 6 ppmv n -60 C Is Now Available, But Is It Needed? n Harris Environmental Systems

Li Ion and Li Primary Dry Room Dewpoints Return Air Supply Air n Sony (Ion) -36 C (198 ppmv) Poly. Stor (Ion) -29 C (430 ppmv) LG (Ion) -34 C (246 ppmv) n Ultralife: Primary-29 C (430 ppmv) -48 C (50 ppmv) n What dewpoint is correct? ? ? Possibly all of the above based on the battery materials utilized. n n Harris Environmental Systems -56 C (18 ppmv) -48 C (50 ppmv) -60 C (10 ppmv)

Automation = Higher Dry Room Heat Loads n n Increased Heat Loads Will Increase Room Cooling Requirements Higher Loads = Greater Refrigeration HP = Additional Dry Room Air Handlers RESULT: Increased Dry Room Energy Costs & Higher Cell Variable Costs Be Careful !! Most Facilities Overestimate Machine & Automation BTUH Harris Environmental Systems

The Benefits of HPX Rotors n n n No Chance of Rotor Washout or Breakdown With a Loss of Reactivation Heat Lower Dewpoints, -60 C is Easy Now 10 Year+ Structural Warranty if Filters Are Cleaned Rotors Can Be Washed With Water If Dirty Dry Room Performance is Improved Proven in Harris Dry Rooms Since 1993 Harris Environmental Systems

Compare HPX 9000 CFM D/H System at -48 C Dewpoint vs. -60 C Dewpoint n With -48 C Dewpoint supply air, you get: n With -60 C Dewpoint supply air, you get: n 6635 CFM supply 1738 CFM exhaust 35 people at 2% 17 people at 1% 105 HP refrigeration 142, 000 BTUH Room Cooling Capacity n 4800 CFM supply 1000 CFM exhaust 29 people at 2% 14 people at 1% 80 HP refrigeration 100, 000 BTUH Room Cooling Capacity n n n Harris Environmental Systems n n n

Comparison of HPX Composite vs. Li. CL Desiccant Rotors n n n HPX Rotors Can supply air at -60 C Dewpoint (10. 6 ppmv) No wheel structural breakdown with loss of reactivation heat 10+ year life expectancy With same size rotors and identical dewpoints, HPX can process 50% more air than a Li. CL rotor n n Lithium Chloride Rotors Can supply air at -48 C Dewpoint (49. 7 ppmv) Wheel structure may breakdown if low temp reactivation continues 3 -10 year life expectancy

Harris “Dry. Ware” DDC Dry Room Control System Architecture Supervisory Controller Local Controller For 1 st D/H System Local Controller for 1 st Refrigeration System Local Controller For 2 nd D/H System Local Controller For 2 nd Refrigeration System Harris Environmental Systems Modem for Harris/Client Service Access Terminal for Client Access “Touchscreen” for System Access

Variables Measured with Harris Dry Room DDC Controls n Blended air temperature entering the dehumidifier. n Discharge air temperature off the dehumidifier wheel. n Room supply and return temperature. n Leaving air temperature off the pre-cool coils for return and make up air. n Suction temperature on each condensing unit. n Discharge temperature on each compressor. n Discharge pressure on each condensing unit. n Dewpoint control monitoring.

Comparison of HX Desiccant vs. Li. CL Rotors: 9000 CFM n n n n HPX Rotors at -48 C DP Max. Volume = 9000 CFM Max. Supply Air = 6635 CFM Max. Exhaust = 1738 CFM 35 People at 2%RH 17 People at 1%RH Can supply air at -60 C Dewpoint (10. 6 ppmv) for ultradry applications if required n n n n Li. CL Rotors at -48 C DP Max. Volume = 6000 CFM Max. Supply Air = 4455 CFM Max. Exhaust = 1091 CFM 23 People at 2%RH 12 People at 1%RH Can supply air at -48 C Dewpoint (49. 7 ppmv)

Sony: Harris DH Series Skid, 9000 CFM, 1 of 3 Systems Harris Environmental Systems

Sony: Harris DH skid, Steam Reactivation Piping & Ducting Harris Environmental Systems

Sony: Harris DH System Air Cooled Condensing Units Harris Environmental Systems

Sony: Li Polymer Dry Room Layout Harris Environmental Systems

Typical Li Battery Dry Room • Multiple D/H Systems • Clean/Dry Room • Dry. Ware DDC Controls Harris Environmental Systems