LITERARY CRITICISM 2017 2018 The Later Nineteenth Century

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LITERARY CRITICISM 2017 -2018

LITERARY CRITICISM 2017 -2018

The Later Nineteenth Century: Victorian Criticism Ú CULTURAL CRISIS Ú - Queen Victorian 1837

The Later Nineteenth Century: Victorian Criticism Ú CULTURAL CRISIS Ú - Queen Victorian 1837 -1901 Ú - Various changes Ú - Growth of evolutionary and biological science Ú - Faith in old ideals was shaken Ú - Industrial Revolution

CULTURAL CRISIS Ú - Class tensions Ú - passion for disciplinary Ú - philosophy

CULTURAL CRISIS Ú - Class tensions Ú - passion for disciplinary Ú - philosophy of Saint Simon and August Comte (realism and Factness) Ú - Rationalistic and Materialistic VS. Ú The romantic -idealistic

Stages of Victorian Criticism Ú 1. the early Victorian(1835 -1860) Ú 2. the middle

Stages of Victorian Criticism Ú 1. the early Victorian(1835 -1860) Ú 2. the middle stage(1860 -1880) Ú 3. the later stage( 1880 -1900)

Critics’ aim Ú Literary criticism to be worthwhile must serve the ends of life

Critics’ aim Ú Literary criticism to be worthwhile must serve the ends of life and promote a better understanding of cultural values and thus bring about social regeneration. Poetry must be, ‘Criticism of Life’ Ú To make life nobler and better

Arnold, Matthew Ú - “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time” Ú -

Arnold, Matthew Ú - “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time” Ú - “Study of Poetry”

COMING LECTURE Ú The Twentieth Century: Modernism, Ú T. S. Eliot,

COMING LECTURE Ú The Twentieth Century: Modernism, Ú T. S. Eliot,

The Twentieth Century: Modernism Ú - The radical shift in aesthetic and cultural sensibilities

The Twentieth Century: Modernism Ú - The radical shift in aesthetic and cultural sensibilities evident in the art and literature of the early twentieth century (especially post war world One). Ú - A distinctive break with Victorian morality. Ú - The modernist authors presented a pessimistic picture. .

Modernism Ú Occurred during the post ww 1 era. Ú Rejected Optimism in the

Modernism Ú Occurred during the post ww 1 era. Ú Rejected Optimism in the 19 th c. and took a pessimistic stance on world issues and events. Ú The new must replaced the old. Ú Reexamine everything.

What led to modernism? Ú 1. development of industrial societies. Ú 2. rapid growth

What led to modernism? Ú 1. development of industrial societies. Ú 2. rapid growth in cities. Ú 3. the horrors of 2 world wars. Ú 4. gender, class and race struggles shaped the trend. Ú 5. loss of faith in God, governments and human goodness. Ú 6. impact on individual and Western society.

Characteristics of modernism includes: Ú Disruption of linear flow of narrative Ú Frustration with

Characteristics of modernism includes: Ú Disruption of linear flow of narrative Ú Frustration with expectations concerning unity Ú Ú and coherence Language is central to artistic exploration. Focus on the individual and his alienation and confusion. Interest in rhythm and everyday language. Heavy use of symbolism and setting.

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