LITERARY CRITICISM 2017 2018 Formalism Structuralism Logic and

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LITERARY CRITICISM 2017 -2018

LITERARY CRITICISM 2017 -2018

Formalism & Structuralism. Ú Logic and Objective Evaluation Ú Attention to matters of literary

Formalism & Structuralism. Ú Logic and Objective Evaluation Ú Attention to matters of literary forms Ú Concentrate on patterns Ú Work as Textual Ú We do not speak language, “language speaks us”

Formalism: Ú Formalism is mainly deals with structural purposes of a particular text. It

Formalism: Ú Formalism is mainly deals with structural purposes of a particular text. It is the study of a text without taking into account any outside influence. Formalism rejects notions of culture or societal influence, authorship, and content, and instead focuses on modes, genres, discourse, and forms.

Structuralism: Extension of Formalism Ú Structuralism holds that all human activity and its products,

Structuralism: Extension of Formalism Ú Structuralism holds that all human activity and its products, even perception and thought itself, are constructed and not natural Ú Semiotics, the study of signs, symbols and communication, and how meaning is constructed and understood.

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857 - 1913) Ú Structuralism is widely regarded to have its

Ferdinand de Saussure (1857 - 1913) Ú Structuralism is widely regarded to have its origins in the work of the Swiss linguistic theorist Saussure in the early 20 th Century, but it soon came to be applied to many other fields, including philosophy, anthropology, psychoanalysis, sociology, literary theory and even mathematics.

Reader-oriented criticism Ú Classical and medieval writers Ú Romantic theories Ú 19 th. c.

Reader-oriented criticism Ú Classical and medieval writers Ú Romantic theories Ú 19 th. c. symbolism and impressionism Ú Marxism and feminism Ú 1980 s.

I. A. Richards 91893 -1979) Ú How do we read a literary work without

I. A. Richards 91893 -1979) Ú How do we read a literary work without knowing its context? , Ú ( period, chronology, social, political, religious and intellectual background, stylistic and linguistic conventions, works by the same and by related authors. )

For Richards Ú “ an opening up of the poem for what it can

For Richards Ú “ an opening up of the poem for what it can really be for us: a unique and fascinating experience, carefully wrought by its maker, and fully available only to those with the patience, as well as the sensibility, to recreate”

Richard’s project: Ú Practical Criticism is: a means to train the literary community and

Richard’s project: Ú Practical Criticism is: a means to train the literary community and create conditions favorable to commune effectively with the poem. Poetry is essentially a private experience

To sum up the results: Ú Magazine poetasters and absurdity were: praised Ú Poets

To sum up the results: Ú Magazine poetasters and absurdity were: praised Ú Poets like Donne, Hopkins and Rossetti were: damned Ú Reading a poem is a process that will culminate in stimulating: Ú “Equilibrium of opposed impulse”

The meaning of a poem based on the immediate impulses: Ú 1. sense= state

The meaning of a poem based on the immediate impulses: Ú 1. sense= state / object Ú 2. feeling= the author’s way of seeing these objects Ú 3. tone= author’s attitude towards the reader. Ú 4. intention= the effect which the author is trying to bring about by his words. Ú 5. meter , rhythem, visual character of words

Accordingly, The well-organized person recognizes the wellorganized work of Art. ====== Our feeling are

Accordingly, The well-organized person recognizes the wellorganized work of Art. ====== Our feeling are in the end the whole matter

Coming Lecture: Ú Assignments & Presentations: Ú Early Feminism and Modern Feminism Shahad Ú

Coming Lecture: Ú Assignments & Presentations: Ú Early Feminism and Modern Feminism Shahad Ú Postcolonial Criticism: Yamam Ú Postmodernism, Poststructuralism: Ikhlas Ú Gender Studies: Amir, Ú Cultural Studies: Kadhim

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