Literary Analysis Flowers for Algernon with Prometheus or

Literary Analysis “Flowers for Algernon” with “Prometheus” or “Frankenstein” DUE: March 5, 2019

Argumentative Essay • It’s an essay that takes a position on a controversial topic. It gives an opinion and tries to convince others to do something or change their beliefs based on reasonable claims. • In addition to being argumentative, it needs to be interesting. • It is NOT persuasive – stick to logical points only; all claims should focus on sound reasoning

Objective is… • To identify and support a controversial position. • To change the reader’s point of view. • To identify a counterclaim and provide an effective rebuttal.

Guiding Questions (choose one) • Should there be limits on scientific experimentation? • Can knowledge be dangerous? • Is the main character successful in accomplishing his ultimate goal?

Literary rd Present/3 Person • BEFORE we go too far, remember… • You should use formal (3 rd person) language in your academic writing (YES- you CAN give your opinion and still write in 3 rd person) • When writing about literature, you should use the present tense, referred to as the “literary present”.

Using Quotes in an Essay • • • Introduce your quote: Quotes can never stand alone!!! Cite your quote according to MLA guidelines The author’s last name and page/paragraph number should be in parentheses immediately following the quote • Notice how the punctuation in your cite changes based on your quote introduction. full sentence intro. : “ ” ( ). or phrase intro. , “ “ ( ). The monster regrets leaving his home in the forest: “This is not a real quote; this is a formatting example“ (Shelley 8). In progress report 12, Charlie explains, “This is not a real quote; this is a formatting example“ (Keyes 302).

Format- 5 -paragraph, 3 citations I. Intro II. How is ___(your position)__ seen in either “Prometheus” or “Frankenstein”? A. Claim (topic sentence) B. Cite (from Q 3 text chosen) C. Clarify III. How is ____(your position)_____ seen in “Flowers for Algernon”? A. Claim (topic sentence) B. Cite (from “FFA”) C. Clarify –identify counterclaim to bridge to next paragraph IV. How is ____(your position/rebuttal)__ seen in “FFA”? A. Claim (topic sentence) should be your rebuttal point B. Cite (from “FFA”) C. Clarify V. Conclusion

Transitions • Paragraphs should include transition words or phrases. • Transitions link one paragraph to the next • Transitions also link one idea to the next within a paragraph • Transitions create cohesion and help your writing flow *I have handouts with transition words you can use to help you while writing

Introduction 1. Attention getter (HOOK) 2. Filler sentences (2 -3 sentences; think synopsis) 3. Thesis

Attention Grabber/HOOK • Quote: this can be from outside/online source that links to the idea of your thesis • Definition: actually look up the word; don’t make up your own definition • Historical background: this can be about the topic, the genre, or one of the authors • Interesting or startling fact: this can be about the topic, the genre, or one of the authors • NO QUESTION “Hooks” • Write an attention grabber for your paper now

Filler Sentences • When talking about literature, YOU MUST ALWAYS include some background about the story in the fillers (the author, title, and gist of the work- think synopsis). You have 2 texts, so be sure to include some background for each. • Do NOT put text background in your hook • DO NOT put a cite or quote in the middle of your introduction • Write filler sentences for your paper now

Thesis • This IS the LAST sentence of your introduction (the 1 st paragraph) • This is where you first identify your answer to the question you’ve chosen as your topic **It is the heart or guiding force of your essay- the point made in your thesis should be seen in every paragraph of your essay • Thesis= what your essay is going to be about • Thesis= a statement, NOT a question • Write thesis for your paper now

Sample Thesis • Is ignorance bliss? While many people claim knowledge is power, the painful effects of increased intelligence in both “Flowers for Algernon” and Frankenstein prove that ignorance is bliss. Despite the painful effects increased intelligence causes in both “Flowers for Algernon” and Frankenstein, ignorance does not lead to greater happiness because one can still see the greater benefits of knowledge gained.

Body Paragraphs (see outline- slide 7) • Follow 3 C’s: - Claim- Identify how your position is seen in the text - Cite- Introduce quote, and reference - Clarify- the most important part! This should be at least 2 -3 sentences that explain why/how your cite supports your position and/or relates to the text as a whole. * Bridge sentence of each paragraph- this should link the specific point in this paragraph to thesis and points discussed in the next paragraph (counterclaim/rebuttal)

Using Quotes in an Essay Things to remember: • You should never begin or end body paragraph with a quote • You should not use two quotes in a row. Quotes must be explained separately. • Be sure to clearly relate what is seen in the quote to what you are trying to prove! • When you clarify, avoid using the same words from the original quote to explain it; the goal is NOT to put the quote in your own words. It is to support your position, to tell the reader why your quote is important • This is YOUR essay- quoted evidence should support YOUR ideas; it should not be most of the paragraph

Conclusion • The easiest paragraph to write! NO NEW INFORMATION!!! (Every idea in this paragraph should be found in the paragraphs above) • 1 st sentence: flipped thesis; not repeated (think backwards or opposite of original) • 2 nd sentence: a general reference to your first paragraph point • 3 rd sentence: a reference back to another paragraph point • LAST sentence: a link back to your HOOK DO NOT put a cite or quote in the middle of your conclusion

IMPORTANT!!!! • I should NOT see any of these words in your writing. UNLESS they are inside quoted text: • • In this essay, you will read… I will prove… I think… In my opinion… I believe… I know this because… This quote says… I, me, we, us, ours, yours

Things to remember • READ ALOUD – OFTEN!!! (you will catch errors- your writing should flow) • Don’t repeat yourself!!! • Grammar AND Formatting (MLA) are important! Please check this! (use MLA guide or Owl @Purdue) • Follow DIRECTIONS given IN-CLASS! Format and structure deviations will result in point deductions!!! • It MUST be TYPED BEFORE CLASS on due date!!! (printing is NOT required but is 5 BONUS points on due date)