Lisa M Rasmussen and Bailey Davis Department of

Lisa M. Rasmussen and Bailey Davis Department of Philosophy, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA Contact: lrasmuss@uncc. edu/Lisa. MRasmussen. com Responsible Conduct of Research Education Should Include Issues of Race and Gender POLL: DO YOU TEACH ISSUES OF RACE AND GENDER IN YOUR RESEARCH INTEGRITY COURSE? NO FABRIC OF GOOD SCIENCE GENDER ag e m tin en t g y sit an ilit e m tic Hu us ic l J na tio M n za ep or ta io ni es t R ut ga on Da xe c INSTRUCTION IN RACE & GENDER ISSUES Or H d E ds em oo ul ho en G ar ef l S RACE et ica C nd M ivi ty ou Ep ist S Et h YES WHY? • Self-citation practices vary between genders 10 • Gender differences in first and last author position 15 • Blinded grant reviews results in more awards to women 3 • Non-collegial working environments are correlated with research misconduct 6 • Collaboration may be improved when women are in the group, while competitive environments have a perverse effect 2, 1 • Perception of contributorship differs between genders 11, 13 9. 1. Anderson, M. S. , Ronning, E. A. , De. Vares, R. , and Martinson, B. C. (2007). “The Perverse Effects of Competition on Scientists’ Work and Relationships, ” Science and Engineering 10. Ethics 13, 437 -461. 2. Bear, Julia B. and Anita Williams Wooley (2011). “The Role of Gender in Team Collaboration and Performance, ” Interd. Science Reviews 36(2), 146 -153. 11. 3. Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit (2012). “NSF’s ‘Big Pitch’ Tests Anonymized Grant Reviews, ” Science 336 (May 25), 969 -970. 4. Editorial Board, New York Times (2015). “Why Science Needs Female Mice, ” NYT Sunday Review, July 18. 12. 5. Feldon, D. F. , Peugh, J. , Maher, M. A. , Roksa, J. , & Tofel-Grehl, C. (2017). Effort-tocredit gender inequities of first-year Ph. D students in the biological sciences. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 16(1), ar 4. 13. 6. Fisher, Celia B. , Adam L. Fried, and Lindsay G. Feldman (2013). “Graduate Socialization in the Responsible Conduct of Research: A National Survey on the Research Ethics Training 14. Experiences of Psychology Doctoral Students, ” Ethics and Behavior 19(6). Available online: 15. 7. Garrison, N. A. (2013). “Genomic Justice for Native Americans: Impact of the Havasupai Case on Genetic Research, ” Science, Technology, and Human Values 38(2), 201 -223. 8. Jones, James H. (1993). Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. Free Press. • Use of single-sex animal studies can bias results 4 BIAS IN METHODS • Gender differences in time to first authorship 5 mmmm • Gender differences in publication acceptance 14 COLLABORATION AUTHORSHIP AND PUBLICATION HOW? • Use of problematic racial categories can bias research results 9, 12 • Racism and sexism have often led to problematic use of human beings in research 7, 8 • Students with a mentor of a different cultural group than themselves more likely to conduct research on minority populations 6 Kaplan, Judith B. and Trude Bennett (2003). “Use of Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Publications, ” JAMA 289(20), 2709 -1716. King, M. M. , Bergstrom, C. T. , Correll, S. J. , Jacquet, J. , & West, J. D. (2017). Men Set Their Own Cites High: Gender and Self-citation across Fields and over Time. Socius. Macaluso, Bonoit, Vincent Larivière, Thomas Sugimoto, and Cassidy R. Sugimoto (2016). “Is Science Built on the Shoulders of Women? A Study of Gender Differences in Contributorship, ” Academic Medicine 91(8). Perez Rodriguez, Javier, and Alejandro de la Fuente (2017). “Now is the Time for a Postracial Medicine: Biomedical Research, the National Institutes of Health, and the Perpetuation of Scientific Racism, ” American Journal of Bioethics 17(9), 36 -47. Rees, Teresa (2011). “The Gendered Construction of Scientific Excellence, ” Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 36(2), 133 -145. Symonds MRE, et al. (2006). “Gender differences in publication output: towards an unbiased metric of research performance, ” PLo. S ONE. West JD, Jacquet J, King MM, Correll SJ, Bergstrom CT (2013) The Role of Gender in Scholarly Authorship. PLo. S ONE 8(7): e 66212.