LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES CHARACTERISTICS LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS n n MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONS • COMMERCIAL PROPANE • COMMERCIAL BUTANE MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER • BIS 4576 : 1978 TEST METHODS STORAGE • PRESSURE VESSEL • REFRIGERATED VESSEL

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS n n n TYPICAL COMPOSITION • MAINLY C 3 & C 4 • MINOR TRACES OF C 2 & C 5 DEPENDS ON SOURCE • REFINERY • FRACTIONATORS SR GRADE • APPROX. NIL UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS • NIL IMPURITIES

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS n n n COLOUR • LIQUID PHASE • VAPOUR PHASE ODOUR • FAINT SMELL • STENCHING DENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY • VAPOUR PHASE • 1. 5 - 2. 0 TIMES HEAVY • SETTLES AT LOWER LEVELS

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS n n n DENSITY / SP. GRAVITY • LIQUID PHASE • 0. 525 TO 0. 58 AT 15 DEGREE CENTIGRADE VAPOUR PRESSURE • TWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUM • 16. 87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT. • 120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN. VOLATILITY • RAPID EVAPORATION - 1: 250

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS n n COEFFICIENT OF VOL. EXPANSION • 0. 00237 PER DEGREE CENTIGRADE RISE • 15 -20 KGF / SQ. CM RISE IN PRESSURE PER DEG RISE IN TEMP. • FILLING RATIO / ULLAGE FLAMMIBILITY • LEL: 1. 5 % ( ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIKE GMS , EXPLOSIMETER ETC. ) • HEL : 9%

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS n n COMBUSTION • INCREASES VOL. OF PRODUCT AS 50 TIMES AIR IS REQUIRED AND 3 -4 TIMES OF OWN VOL. CO 2 IS GENERATED APART FROM HEAT • RESULTS IN ASPHYXIATION , REQUIRE VENTILATION • C. V. : 10900 KCAL / KG. • FLAME TEMP WITH AIR - 2000 DEG. CENT. n WITH OXYGEN - 2800 DEG. CENT. IGNITION TEMP. • AUTO IGNITION TEMP. - 410 - 580 DEG. CENT.

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS n n n BOILING POINT • TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR. • (-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT. MELTING OR FREEZING POINT • TEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURS • VERY LOW I. E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT. VISCOSITY • VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER PETRO. PRODUCTS - 0. 3 CS • REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE & HANDLING SYSTEM

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS n n n SOLUBILITY • LESS SOLUBILITY IN WATER • SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS & ALCOHAL TOXICITY • HIGH RELEASES DISPLACES OXYGEN • RESULTS IN SUFFOCATION • ACTS AS ANAESTHETIC CAUSTIC RESIDUE • USED FOR TREATING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE • IF REMAINS RESULTS IN CORROSION • CAUSTIC PRESENCE SHOULD BE

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS n n EFFECT OF WATER • CORROSION • PARTIAL CLOSING OF VALVES EFFECT OF AIR • POSSIBILITY OF FORMING EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE • AUTO IGNITION • PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING COMMISSIONING • RETARDS FILLING

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS n n HEALTH HAZARD • NON TOXIC • ASPHYXIATION DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN • NARCOTIC EFFECT IF INHALED IN LARGE QTY FIRE HAZARD • PRODUCT DISCHARGE • STATIC ELECTRICITY • PYROPHORIC IRON • BLEVE • UNCONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION

INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS n n n AGRICULTURE: GRAIN DRYING, WEED KILLING, TEA/COFFEE/TOBACCO CURING AUTOMOBILIES: HEAT TREATMENT & PAINT BAKING CERAMIC : CALCINATION, GLOST FIRING, OF SSTONEWARE & PORCELAIN CHEMICALS / DRUGS: HEATING, DRYING, FEED STOCK IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY ELECTRICAL : BULBS / TUBELIGHTS, FILAMENT ANNEALING

INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS n n ENGINEERING: METAL MELTING, FORGING, ANNEALING, STRESS RELIEVING, PAINT BAKING, HEAT TREATMENT FOOD : BAKING, BOILING, FRYING, DRYING GLASS : MELTING, HOLDING, BLOWING, POLISHING, STRESS RELIEVING METALLURGICAL : ANNEALING, BILLET HEATING, MELING, DESCALING, STRESS RELIEVING, MOULD / CUPOLA/ LADLE PREHEATING

INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS n n METAL WORKING : CUTTING, HOLD PIERCING, WELDING PACKAGING : SOLDERING TEXTILE : DRYING, SINGING, CALENDERING, STENTERING, PRINT DRYING, DYEING, VELVET PROCESSING MISC. AEROCOL - AS PROPELLANT, BITUMENT MELTING, OIL CLEANING

LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING n STEP I : DECIDE WHETHER LPG IS RIGHT FUEL FACTOR : ECONOMICS AVAILABILITY APPLICATION SUITABLITY STEP II : DECIDE WHETHER PACKED OR BULK FACTOR : CONSUMPTION AVAILABILITY ECONOMICS APPLICATION SUITABILITY

LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING n STEP III : SIZE OF INSTALLATION FACTORS: PEAK HOURLY RATE OF CONSUMPTION DAILY / MONTHLY CONSUMPTION DISTANCE FROM SUPPY POINT CYLINDER ROOM / BULK STORAGE

LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING n STEP IV : PIPE LINE SIZE / ROUTE FACTORS : FLOW RATE PRESSURE DROPS BRANCHES / POINTS OF CONSUMPTION EASE OF REPAIRS / TROUBLE SHOOTING

LPG INSTALLATION PLANNING n STEP V : CHOOSING PRESSURE REGULATORS FACTORS: PRESSURE NEEDED FOR BURNERS RATE OF CONSUMPTION DISTANCE FROM INSTALLATION TO CONSUMING POINT’