Lipids energy storage AP Biology Lipids are composed

Lipids energy storage AP Biology

Lipids are composed of C, H, O long hydrocarbon chain 4 types of lipids fats phospholipids steroids waxes AP Biology fat

1. Triglycerides Fat molecules 3 fatty acids chains linked to glycerol AP Biology

Fats store energy Long HC chain Hydrophobic “water – fearing” = insoluble in water Function: energy storage very rich 2 x carbohydrates cushion organs insulates body AP Biology

Saturated fats All C bonded to H No C=C double bonds long, straight chain most animal fats solid at room temp. contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits AP Biology

Unsaturated fats At least one C=C double bond in the fatty acids plant & fish fats vegetable oils liquid at room temperature the kinks made by double bonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together AP Biology mono-unsaturated? poly-unsaturated?

Saturated vs. unsaturated AP Biology unsaturated

2. Phospholipids Structure: glycerol + 2 fatty acids chains + phosphate head PO 4 negatively charged AP Biology

Phospholipids Hydrophobic or hydrophilic? fatty acid tails = hydrophobic PO 4 = hydrophilic head dual “personality” It likes water & also pushes it away! interaction with H 2 O is complex & very important! AP Biology

Phospholipids in water Hydrophilic heads attracted to H 2 O Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H 2 O can self-assemble into “bubbles” can also form a phospholipid bilayer Found in animal cells (cell membrane) bilayer AP Biology

Steroids ex: cholesterol, sex hormones 4 fused C rings different steroids created by attaching different functional groups to rings cholesterol AP Biology

Cholesterol Important cell component animal cell membranes precursor of all other steroids including vertebrate sex hormones high levels in blood may contribute to cardiovascular disease AP Biology

Cholesterol Important component of cell membrane helps keep cell membranes fluid & flexible AP Biology

From Cholesterol Sex Hormones What a big difference a few atoms can make! AP Biology

What is the function of a triglyceride? 1. Stores and transfers genetic information 2. Stores energy 3. Control the rate of reactions 4. Help to fight disease AP Biology

Fats that have at least one double bond between Carbon atoms are called 1. Unsaturated 2. Saturated 3. Glycerol 4. Fatty Acids AP Biology

What is another name for a fat molecule? 1. phospholipid 2. Cholesterol 3. Steroid 4. triglyceride AP Biology

Phospholipids have a 1. hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail 2. hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail AP Biology

Which of the following is an example of a steroid 1. Fatty acids 2. Sex Hormones 3. Phospholipids 4. Olive Oil AP Biology