Lipids and Carbohydrates Ms BushMs Cohen Biology Fall

Lipids and Carbohydrates Ms. Bush/Ms. Cohen Biology Fall 2011

Lipid Structure • Basically, lipids are fats, oils, and waxes • Made up of mostly __ & __atoms (O too!) • Do not dissolve in water • Exist in several forms such as: • Fatty Acids • Triglycerides • Phospholipids • Steroids

Fatty Acids Fatty acids that contain 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms are said to be ______. Fatty acids with only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms are referred to as ______.

Triglycerides • Function to cushion organs, as insulation & in long-term energy storage • Made of two kinds of molecules • _____________ • Saturated Fatty Acid: • Carbons joined by ______ bonds • Unsaturated Fatty Acid: • At least one ______ bond between ____ in the fatty acid

Phospholipids • Building block of _______ – Only has 2 _______ – 1 ______ group • Have – Hydrophilic heads – Hydrophobic tails

Steroids • Carbon Skeleton has: • Four interconnected rings • Different groupings of atoms (or functional groups) attached • Cholesterol • Hormones

Lipid Function Lipids have a variety of roles: • Energy storage (fatty acids) • Cushioning organs, providing insulation (triglycerides) • Forming cell membranes (phospholipids) • Sending messages from cell to cell (steroids)

Lipids form Cell Membranes • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 k 2 KAf. Rs. Z 4 Q

Fun Slide What are trans fats?

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Structure • Carbohydrates are made of ___, and __ • They usually have many hydroxyl groups • Carbohydrates can be drawn in a ring structure or a linear structure Fructose in cyclic and linear forms

Monosaccharaides “one sugar” are simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Disaccharides “two sugars” are when two monomers are joined together

More than two sugars Oligosaccharides “small sugars” are made of 3 -10 monosaccharides Polysaccharides “many sugars” are made of 10+ monosaccharides

Carbohydrate Function • Energy source • Energy storage • Cell wall (plants and bacteria)

Fun Slide Carbohydrates on the outside of a cell can act as molecular “flags”