Lipids 1 st Type of Organic Molecules Fats

Lipids 1 st Type of Organic Molecules Fats, Oils, Waxes and Steroids 1

Lipids § Not soluble in H 2 O but are soluble in oils. § More energy in lipids than in carbohydrates § Made up of C, H, O but very little O 2

Phospholipid Same structure as triglyceride but with 1 phosphate group 5

2 types of fat on hydrocarbon tail Saturated A butter sculpture from the North Carolina state fair Unsaturated fats 6

Saturated Fats: § Has as many H’s as you can get § Solid at room temperature b/c carbon chains are straight and “stack” up flat § Made by animals Examples include: § Fat § Lard § Butter 7

More butter sculpture… Yes, this is made of butter. It’s called “Deep in the heart of Texas” A fine use of saturated fat. 9

Unsaturated Fats: § § § Has double bonds, less H’s Made by plants Oil (liquid) at room temperature m. p. 16ºC m. p. -5ºC 10

I. Triglycerides and Fatty Acids fatty acids: • most have even numbered chains, between 12 and 20 carbons • cis isomer predominates in unsaturated fatty acids • more unsaturation lower melting point stearic acid (18: 0) m. p. 70ºC oleic acid (9 -18: 1) an -9 fatty acid m. p. 16ºC linoleic acid (9, 12 -18: 2) an -6 fatty acid m. p. -5ºC linolenic acid (9, 12, 15 -18: 3) an -3 fatty acid m. p. -11ºC 11

Steroids Consist of four interconnected rings of carbon § Hormones (type of steroid) § Cholesterol (type of steroid) § Testosterone § Estrogen § Progesterone 12

androgens (male sex hormones) • produced in the testes • responsible for development of male sex characteristics estrogens (female sex hormones) • produced in the ovaries • responsible for development of female sex characteristics cortisone hormones • produced in the adrenal cortex • regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, decrease inflammation, involved in reaction to stress 13

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