Linking words Organisation is important in B 2
Linking words • Organisation is important in B 2 First (FCE) Writing.
Linking words • Subject and Object pronouns • • Subject I you he she it we they Object me you him her it us them
Linking words • Students sometimes need to contrast a positive idea with a negative idea.
Linking words • Students sometimes need to contrast a positive idea with a negative idea. • One word for doing this is despite.
Linking words • Students sometimes need to contrast a positive idea with a negative idea. • Despite is followed by a: • noun • or • a gerund (verb+ing)
Linking words • Think about these two ideas. • (+) I arrived at the office punctually. • (-) I had a small accident.
Linking words • • We can use despite at the start of a sentence or in the middle of the two ideas
Linking words • We can use despite at the start of a sentence: • Despite a small accident, I arrived at the office punctually. • Despite having a small accident, I arrived at the office punctually.
Linking words • We can use despite in the middle of the two ideas: • I arrived at the office punctually despite a small accident. • I arrived at the office punctually despite having a small accident.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • I arrived at the office punctually despite having a small accident. • I arrived punctually • I had a small accident
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) I like my city. • (-) The weather is bad.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) I like my city. • (-) The weather is bad.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • I like my city despite the bad weather. • Despite the bad weather, I like my city.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (-) The weather is bad.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (-) The weather is bad.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (-) The weather is bad. • What’s the verb? What’s the gerund?
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (-) The weather is bad. • What’s the verb? What’s the gerund? • The verb=be / The gerund=being
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • X I like my city despite being bad. X • X Despite being bad, I like my city. X
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • I like my city despite the weather being bad. √ • Despite the weather being bad, I like my city. √
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) I arrived very late.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) I arrived very late.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) I arrived very late. • What’s the noun?
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) I arrived very late. • What’s the noun? arrival
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • X Despite very late arrival, everybody was calm. X
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • Despite my very late arrival, everybody was calm. √ • Everybody was calm despite my very late arrival. √
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) I arrived very late.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) I arrived very late.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) I arrived very late. • What’s the gerund form?
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) I arrived very late. • What’s the gerund form? arriving
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • X Despite arriving very late, everybody was calm. X
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (-) I arrived very late • Despite arriving very late, everybody was calm.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (-) I arrived very late. • X Despite I arriving very late, everybody was calm. X
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (-) I arrived very late. • Despite me arriving very late, everybody was calm. √ • Everybody was calm despite arriving very late. √ me
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) We arrived very late.
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • Despite our very late arrival, everybody was calm. √ • Everybody was calm despite our very late arrival. √
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • X Despite arriving very late, everybody was calm. X • X Everybody was calm despite arriving very late. X
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • X Despite we arriving very late, everybody was calm. X • X Everybody was calm despite arriving very late. X we
Linking words • If the people or things in the two ideas are different then using despite is a little more difficult. • Despite us arriving very late, everybody was calm. √ • Everybody was calm despite arriving very late. √ us
Linking words • Good news: • You can use: • Despite the fact that + clause (subject + verb)
Linking words • (+) I arrived at the office punctually. • (-) I had a small accident.
Linking words • Despite the fact that I had a small accident, I arrived at the office punctually. • I arrived at the office punctually despite the fact that I had a small accident.
Linking words • (+) I like my city. • (-) The weather is bad.
Linking words • Despite the fact that the weather is bad, I like my city. • I like my city despite the fact that the weather is bad.
Linking words • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) I arrived very late.
Linking words • Despite the fact that I arrived very late, everybody was calm. • Everybody was calm despite the fact that I arrived very late.
Linking words • (+) Everybody was calm. • (-) We arrived very late.
Linking words • Despite the fact that we arrived very late, everybody was calm. • Everybody was calm despite the fact that we arrived very late.
Linking words • Try to use despite and despite the fact that in B 2 First (FCE) Writing, especially in more formal writing such as the Question 1 essay.
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