Link Traverse Known information for link traverse 1

Link Traverse Known information for link traverse : � 1 - Coordinates for start & last stations. � 2 - Azimuth of first & last link sides. � N � 1 � � 3 2 B(x, y) �

Traverse Works Traverse : Is defined as aseries of connected straight lines whose lengths and bearings can be determined. The lines are known as legs and the end points of the lines as stations.

The purpose of the traversing In engineering works , traverse are used as control surveys to : 1 - To layout ( locate) construction works. � 2 - For the collection of measurements needed for the determination of earthwork and other construction quantities. � �

Steps works by theodolite 1 - Field works ; � a- Traverse reconnaissance and layout: � After locate the suitable location for all stations of � traverse we make the following table for refrences ( not least about three )

Steps works by theodolite Station Refrences detailes sketch School door Electric col. For example (A) A manhol

Steps works by theodolite b- angles to the right and sides length measurments : The measurments make according the following table : π target F. L angle F. R angle Mean angle Traverse sketch N � �

Steps works by theodolite Side AB BC CD Forward length Backward length Mean length

Steps works by theodolite 2 - Office works � a- Angular error computation: � We make the following table : � side AB BC CD length ---- Measured angle correction Correcte d angles ------

Link Traverse no. of that line � Correction per each Az. For any line =(------------- )* total corr. � n+1 �

Link Traverse 2 - linear clouser of error : � Error for Dep. = X( last station)calculated- X(last sta. ) provided � Error for Lat. = Y ( last station) calculated – Y( last sta. ) provided �

Link Traverse We make the traverse according the following � steps: 1 -angular error computation : � error= (calculated Az. - provided Az. ) for last link � side. We calculate az for last side from known az for first � side & angles to right. Allowable error =2* accuracy of inst. * √ n+1 � N: no of sides. �

Link Traverse Correction according : � 1 - transit rule � dep. For that side � Corr. Per dep. For any side = -------------- * ( total corr. ) dep. or lat. abs. Sum of deps. � 1 � Allowable error =---------- * total length of traverse 2000 � � �

Link Traverse 2 - compass rule � total distance for each station � Corr. Per x or y =(------------------------) * total corr. For x or y total length of traverse � length of that side � Or corr. Per dep. Or lat. =(--------------- )* total length of deps. Or lats. total length of traverse � � �

Test Compare between the link traverse & closed loop traverse ? �

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