LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Young Planners Working Group Planning

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Young Planners Working Group Planning and territorial cohesion Cohesion of a metropolitan Area, Cohesion of a Region -A case study of the Lille Metropolitan Area and its Regional hinterland 12/04/2012 French Team / April 17 th, 2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Plan A. General informations about the area of study B. The ‘layer approach’ a. Geophysics b. Main infrastructures c. Occupations: agriculture, industry, services, housing C. Planning system 12/04/2012 French Team / April 17 th, 2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA A – General Information • Population: +0. 13%/year from 1999 to 2007 (France +0. 7%, Belgium +0. 44%) • Young population compared to Belgian average • Foreign people: 4% (France 5. 8%, Belgium 8. 8%) • Forecasts By 2040, +5. 7% for a total of 4 000 inhabitants, with +0. 17%/ year from 2007 to 2040 (France and Belgium: +0. 41 and 0+46) = 2 965 000 on the French side (+0. 13%/ year) 1 028 000 on the Belgian side (+0. 25%/year) • Immigration: -3. 9% Source : Insee (France), DGSIE (Belgium)

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Plan A. General informations about the area of study B. The ‘layer approach’ a. Geophysics b. Main infrastructures c. Occupations: agriculture, industry, services, housing C. Planning system 12/04/2012 French Team / April 17 th, 2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. a – Geophysics • The river system and the topography connect the Lille metropolis to the Flanders plain. • The Flanders plain is characterized by several rivers meeting on the territory: the Lys, Deûle and Marque. • Woods and wetlands are also present in this area, with work being done by local authorities to protect these ecosystems. • Isolated flood risks exist for some cities (including the Lille metropolis). => Access and landscape improvements could be a federative element for the geographical region. 12/04/2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. a – Geophysics Topography of the Lille Métropole area 12/04/2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Plan A. General informations about the area of study B. The ‘layer approach’ a. Geophysics b. Main infrastructures c. Occupations: agriculture, industry, services, housing C. Planning system 12/04/2012 French Team / April 17 th, 2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. b – Main infrastructures • Important railway systems for both metropolitan and regional cohesion • Waterways + water freight hubs: huge potential for development in the region • The Lille metropolis: a node for road infrastructures => Strengths: high speed rail, waterways Weaknesses: small airport capacity, heavy traffic Opportunities: freight rail highway (Lille/Paris/Hendaye); Seine Nord waterway (linking Cambrai to Paris) Threats: development of the regional railway system, Paris/Amiens/London project

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. b – Main infrastructures Main road, rail and waterway infrastructures

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Plan A. General informations about the area of study B. The ‘layer approach’ a. Geophysics b. Main infrastructures c. Occupations: agriculture, industry, services, housing C. Planning system 12/04/2012 French Team / April 17 th, 2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. c – Occupation: Agriculture • Specificities: - Exceptionally large share of the area: 60% - Periurban • Strengths - High productivity - Leader in several products • Weaknesses: - Environmental concerns - Urban pressure

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. c – Occupation: Agriculture Agricultural land use

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. c – Occupation: Industry At regional level • Specificities: - 22% of total regional employment (national average: 16%) - Leader in a diverse range of heavy industries - Deindustrialization: encompasses various situations according to the sector/market segment • Main industries: AGROBUSINE SS CAR INDUSTRY TEXTILE INDUSTRY CHEMISTRY METAL CONJONCTUR EMPLOYMENT / E FIRMS + 25 300 / 664 NATIONAL RANKING 2 = 26 000 / 124 2 –– 12 000 / 672 2 – – 18 500 / 377 29 400 / 879 2 1

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. c – Occupation: Industry Case of the Lille agglomeration • Specificities - Diversified pattern of industries - Concentration of regional R&D capacities • Strengths: - Large industrial labour pool - Education/research facilities • Weaknesses: - Land scarcity for industrial plants - Transport network saturation - Competition with Belgium, Ile-de-France, UK

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. c – Occupation: Housing • Famiy size. Average: 2. 49 persons/household in the metropolitan area. This is quite a high level when compared with the national French and Belgian levels: 2. 3 people per household. • Affordability: 53% are owners (75% on the Belgian side) Areas with highest ownership rates: -the rural Artois subregion (over 84%), - periurban areas south from Lille, and the districts of Ypres or Tielt (around 80%). Areas with under average homeownership rates: -the « mining arc » south from Lille - large municipalities of Lille, Roubaix, Villeneuve and Tourcoing (about 25%).

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. c – Occupation: Housing • Quality Supply in Lille Metropole and Valenciennes is more of small units (1 to 2 rooms). • Housing stock ¾ individual houses (80% on Belgian side) = accomodation space above average (3 to 4 rooms) in urban areas other than Lille and Valenciennes and in territories bordering on Lille Metropole + High proportion of substandard housing (17% in Lille, 16% in Tourcoing and 14% in Roubaix) New constructions: 58 700 units built between 2001 and 2006 = more than 11. 6 % of the housing stock younger than 7 years in 2008: a high rate of new constructions.

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA B. c – Occupation: Housing • Housing cost and per capita income Average per capita income: € 12, 000 for Lille Métropole, 2005 Average apartment price: € 118 200 Average home price: € 133 200 Price differentials are fairly small between the Belgian and French sides; they are only substantial in major cities: € 122 200 in Lille Metropole, € 127 500 in Ypres. • Property market Transactions mailny concern individual houses, with major price differences according to the area. Ex. : - houses less expensive in Belgium than in France (€ 120 200 vs € 141 900 - high prices in France’s major urban centres and selected periurban areas (over € 180 000) - very low prices in less attractive territories (mining area or Maubeuge Val de Sambre), where they are sometimes about € 100 000.

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Plan A. General informations about the area of study B. The ‘layer approach’ a. Geophysics b. Main infrastructures c. Occupations: agriculture, industry, services, housing C. Planning system 12/04/2012 French Team / April 17 th, 2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA C. – Planning governance France has two contradictory traditions of territorial organization: centralization, with the state as the reference entity; decentralization, with the town council as the key unit. . . Town councils are moving to more cooperation: fragmented and smallsized = the inter-municipal co-operation structures like Lille Métropole Communauté Urbaine • The state as reference for national planning Planning powers: Centralised regulations applicable to the whole territory Laws: State tools for national projects • Decentralised planning bodies - At the agglomeration level: SCOT (territorial cohesion scheme): coordinates all sectoral planning policies for the agglomeration (transport, housing etc. ) - At the town council level: PLU (Plan local d’urbanisme): for land use and zoning for buildings.

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA C. – Planning governance The case of the Lille conurbation and the region: the metropolitan area Lille LMCU : inter-communal co-operation (since 1967) Aire Métropolitaine : association of town councils and inter-communal co-operation structure (since 2005) Area covered 85 municipalities France : 11 intercity structures, Nord-Pas. De-Calais region and North départment Beligum : 4 intercommunal structures, 2 belgian provinces Leadership: LMCU, especially with mayors of Lille (Mauroy and Aubry). Metropolitan Strategy: Urban Planning Agencies (especially ADULM), Mission Coalfield. Economic development: chambersof trade and commerce, APILM (agency promoting Lille Métropole internationally). Business associations: Grand Lille committee

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Plan A. General informations about the area of study B. The ‘layer approach’ a. Geophysics b. Main infrastructures c. Occupations: agriculture, industry, services, housing C. Planning system 12/04/2012 French Team / April 17 th, 2012

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Conclusion • Lille Métropole and its hinterland: Well-integrated on some points, but potential for widening discrepancies • Territorial cohesion in the area: A concern for the agglomeration as well as the wider region • Our project: To find the opportunities for the harmonious developent of the metropolis and its hinterland, using territorial cohesion as a tool

LILLE METROPOLITAN AREA Thank you for your attention! Anne-Sophie Pawlowski Carole Ropars Benjamin Sautjeau Pierre-Marie Simon William Ten Have Dallinga Clément Tricot Benjamin Wehrly