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Like us on Facebook www. facebook. com/wordandsword Follow us on Twitter @wordandsword v POST A BIBLICAL QUESTION OR COMMENT v RECEIVE A BIBLICAL ANSWER v BOOK, CHAPTER & VERSE. 1
New Testament Survey: First Corinthians
The Author • External evidence clearly shows that the apostle Paul authored the book. • Internal evidence of Paul’s authorship is also very strong. Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ through the will of God, and Sosthenes our brother, (1 Corinthians 1: 1) The salutation of me Paul with mine own hand. (1 Corinthians 16: 21)
The Date • A letter that preceded the first letter contained no additional needed truth. • Paul, while in Ephesus in 55 AD, learned of serious problems in Corinth. • Divisions existed in the church. • The Corinthian church sent Paul a letter requesting answers to several questions. I wrote unto you in an epistle not to company with fornicators: (1 Corinthians 5: 9)
The Date For out of much affliction and anguish I had no rest in my spirit, because I of heart I wrote unto you with many found not Titus my brother: but taking tears; not that ye should be grieved, my • Paul leave of them, I went from thence answered with this epistle but that ye might know the love which intodispatched Macedonia. (2 Corinthians 2: 13) by Timothy. this cause have I sent unto you I For have more abundantly unto you. For, when were into Macedonia, • Had Paulwe paid themcome a personal visit after Timotheus, who is my beloved son, (2 Corinthians 2: 4) firsthad letter? our his flesh no rest, but we were and faithful in the Lord, who shall For though I made you sorry with a • Behold, Did theon letter accomplish intended the third timewithout Iitsam ready troubled every side; were to bring you into remembrance of my letter, I do not repent, though I did purpose? come towithin you; were …(2 Corinthians 12: 14 a) fightings, fears. (2 Cor. 7: 5) ways which be in Christ, as the I teach repent: for I perceive that same • Paul wanted to know the effect of the This is the third time I am coming Therefore we were comforted in your to every where in for every church. letter. He waited Titus to come from it epistle hath made you sorry, though you…. (2 Corinthians 13: 1 a) comfort: yea, and exceedingly the more Corinth (1 Corinthians 4: 17) were butwith for answers. a season. joyed we for the joy of Titus, because his (2 Corinthians 7: 8) spirit was refreshed by you all. (7: 13)
The City • Corinth was geographically situated at the center of the Grecian peninsula. • Built upon an isthmus, it was strategically important in the defense and conquest of the Grecian peninsula. • The city was fortified by a wall. • Citadel rising 2, 000 feet above sea level —the view from the summit to the sea, from both east and west, is magnificent.
The City A lower-level harbor made Corinth a city of east-west trade. In 46 B. C. , Julius Caesar established a Roman colony in Corinth. The new city grew, attracting both Jews and Greeks, who were more numerous than Romans. Dishonesty, suspicion, speculation, egotism, profligacy, and vice ruled the city. The temple to the goddess Venus supported 1, 000 temple prostitutes!
The Church …Neither fornicators, nor idolaters, • And Established bythe Paulchief ruler of the Crispus, nor adulterers, nor homosexuals, nor synagogue, believed Lord • After Paul, Apollos met on withthe unusual sodomites, nor thieves, nor covetous, success in preaching the gospel. with all his house; and many of the nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor • Corinthians Division arose when men started and hearing believed, extortioners willmen inherit theofkingdom following other instead Christ. were baptized. (Acts 18: 8) of God. licentious And such were some of you…. • Their character was evidenced (1 by. Corinthians some of the 6: 9 -11) sins committed by God’s people.
The 1 Corinthian Letter To theletter’s church of Godis which is at • The address significant. Corinth, those whodeal are with sanctified • Its first to four chapters division. in • Trusted in human Christ Jesus, calledwisdom to be saints, with all in men rather than who • Gloried in every place call on. Christ the name of • Carnally minded, making spiritual Jesusunderstanding Christ ourand Lord, bothimpossible theirs and reception ours: • Failure to distinguish between holy and profane things—ending in defilement of God’s (1 Corinthians 1: 2) temple
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Prescription for remedying the division (1: 10): • “Speak the same thing. ” • “That there be no more divisions among you. ” • “That you be perfected together in the same mind and same judgment. ”
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Paul dealt with the corrupt influence of heathen immorality. • Chapters 4 and 5 • The Church was harboring a man who was living in open adultery with his father’s wife! • deliver Public withdrawal such a one to Satan for the • destruction Have no company with him—make him of the flesh, that his Iashamed! wrote to you in my epistle not to spiritcompany may be saved in the day of keep with sexually the Lordpeople. Jesus. (1 immoral (1 Corinthians 5: 5) 5: 9)
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Engaged in commerce and industry— sometimes with one another. • Some were having financial disputes and disagreements. • They sought to settle the matter before heathen courts and judges. • Paul condemned this and told them to settle these matters among themselves. • 1 Corinthians 6: 1 -11
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Moral laxity had made it difficult for them to honor their marriage commitments. • A chapter is devoted to answering their questions about this relationship. • Certain rules and applications were to be used “because of the present distress. ” • 1 Corinthians 7: 26 -32 • Marriage was to be honored, even when a Christian was married to an unbeliever. • 1 Corinthians 7: 10 -24
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Some were eating for food the remnants of the bodies of animals offered in heathen services. • Some of the Jewish brethren questioned this practice. • Paul taught that this matter was a case of “personal liberty. ” • The practice was not to be exercised at the expense of a weaker brother’s conscience. • 1 Corinthians 8, 10
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Paul next discussed the local church’s obligations. • The church was to support and sustain those who made their living by preaching and teaching the gospel. • 1 Corinthians 9
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Abuses during the worship assembly: • God’s order of authority and the place of women • Praying and prophesying • Refusing to wear the veil—a custom of the day showing subjection and the man’s authority • 1 Corinthians 11: 1 -16
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Having a feast before observing the Lord’s Supper. • Glutting themselves with food and drink —not spiritually discerning the meaning of the Lord’s Supper. • They came together to worship. • They had houses in which to eat and drink to nurture their physical bodies. • 1 Corinthians 11: 19 -34
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Due to their exaltation of selfish ambitions and fleshly values, they had serious disputes about spiritual gifts. • Pitting the importance of one gift against another. • The nature and purposes of the gifts. • 1 Corinthians 12 • The “better way”—love • Temporal nature of the gifts • 1 Corinthians 13 • Each member working together for the whole! • 1 Corinthians 14
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Questions concerning the resurrection: • Christ has risen • 15: 1 -11 • Meaning of the resurrection • 15: 12 -57 • Universality of the resurrection • 15: 20 -22 • The Christian’s new body • 15: 42 -49 • Inheriting the kingdom of God • 15: 50, 51
The 1 Corinthian Letter • Question concerning the collection for the poor saints in Jerusalem: • Divine plan for church finances • 16: 1, 2 • Benevolence to be raised by its own contribution • Church to select its own messengers • 16: 3, 4 • Limited to the “needy saints. ” • Acts 11: 27 -30
New Testament Survey: Second Corinthians
N. T. Letters • Epistles of Paul (Romans – Hebrews)
Author • Paul was the penman
To whom written • Church in Corinth – all men everywhere
Why it was written • Paul writes to address their reaction to the first letter (1 Cor. ) and to defend his apostleship
Outstanding features of the book • After 1 Corinthians had been received by the church in Corinth, false teachers had entered in and stirred the people up against Paul.
They claimed he was: • • Fickle • • Proud • • Unimpressive in appearance • • Unqualified as an apostle of Jesus Christ • (Donnie Barnes Bible Charts)
Brief outline • I. Paul rejoices over their improved condition since their reception of the first letter (1 -7) • II. The collection for the poor saints in Jerusalem (8 -9) • III. Paul defends his apostolic authority and exposes false teachers (10 -13)
• Main Points In Each Chapter
2 Cor. 1 • The God of all comfort, Paul’s tribulations in the gospel, Paul defends his sincerity and plans another visit to Corinth
2 Cor. 2 • Church discipline work, service to God and men Paul’s
2 Cor. 3 • Epistles known and read of all men, the old law taken away, the new covenant, “the veil is upon their heart”
2 Cor. 4 • Truth hidden – minds blinded, the gospel in earthen vessels, “our light affliction, which is but for a moment”
2 Cor. 5 • An eternal building of God, we walk by faith, ministry of reconciliation,
2 Cor. 6 • Workers together with God, unequally yoked, “come out from among them”
2 Cor. 7 • Paul’s joy at their reception of the word, godly sorrow and true repentance
2 Cor. 8 • The appeal for liberality in giving, giving ourselves to God
2 Cor. 9 • The blessings of liberality, God’s unspeakable gift
2 Cor. 10 • Paul’s Defense Of His Ministry
2 Cor. 11 • Paul’s concern for the church at Corinth, Paul’s list of sufferings
2 Cor. 12 • Paul’s vision of paradise, • his thorn in the flesh, • God’s sufficient grace, • Paul plans another visit
2 Cor. 13 • “Examine yourselves”, • final words, “a holy kiss”
• Some Great Lessons From 2 Corinthians
1. Church discipline • In 1 Cor. 5 Paul commanded them to withdraw from the immoral brother • In 2 Cor. 2 we see that discipline worked
Rom. 16: 17 • [17] Now I beseech you, brethren, mark them which cause divisions and offences contrary to the doctrine which ye have learned; and avoid them.
2 Thess. 3: 6 • [6] Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly, and not after the tradition which he received of us.
2. The triumph over death • 2 Cor. 4: 16 - 5: 10 • 2 Cor. 5: 8 • [8] We are confident, I say, and willing rather to be absent from the body, and to be present with the Lord.
3. Separation from the world • 2 Cor. 6: 14 – 7: 1 • 2 Cor. 6: 14 • [14] Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness?
4. Paul’s thorn in the flesh • 2 Cor. 12: 7 • [7] And lest I should be exalted above measure through the abundance of the revelations, there was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me, lest I should be exalted above measure.
2 Cor. 12: 8 -9 • [8] For this thing I besought the Lord thrice, that it might depart from me. • [9] And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness. Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me.
• Whatever the thorn was, Paul was not permitted to cure it with miraculous powers --- It did not stop him from constant, loyal service to God
5. The list of sufferings endured by Paul • 2 Cor. 11: 24 -33 • [24] Of the Jews five times received I forty stripes save one. [25] Thrice was I beaten with rods, once was I stoned, thrice I suffered shipwreck, a night and a day I have been in the deep;
• [26] In journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perils of robbers, in perils by mine own countrymen, in perils by the heathen, in perils in the city, in perils in the wilderness, in perils in the sea, in perils among false brethren;
• [27] In weariness and painfulness, in watchings often, in hunger and thirst, in fastings often, in cold and nakedness. [28] Beside those things that are without, that which cometh upon me daily, the care of all the churches.
• [29] Who is weak, and I am not weak? who is offended, and I burn not? • [30] If I must needs glory, I will glory of the things which concern mine infirmities. [31] The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which is blessed for evermore, knoweth that I lie not.
• [32] In Damascus the governor under Aretas the king kept the city of the Damascenes with a garrison, desirous to apprehend me: [33] And through a window in a basket was I let down by the wall, and escaped his hands.
• “Paul’s overwhelming persecutions for Christ should make us ashamed to complain about our petty sufferings. ” Frank J. Dunn
2 Cor. 4: 7 -18 • [7] But we have this treasure in earthen vessels, that the excellency of the power may be of God, and not of us. • [8] We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed, but not in despair; • [9] Persecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not destroyed;
• [10] Always bearing about in the body the dying of the Lord Jesus, that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our body. • [11] For we which live are alway delivered unto death for Jesus' sake, that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our mortal flesh.
• [12] So then death worketh in us, but life in you.
• [13] We having the same spirit of faith, according as it is written, I believed, and therefore have I spoken; we also believe, and therefore speak; • [14] Knowing that he which raised up the Lord Jesus shall raise up us also by Jesus, and shall present us with you.
• [15] For all things are for your sakes, that the abundant grace might through the thanksgiving of many redound to the glory of God. • [16] For which cause we faint not; but though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day.
• [17] For our light affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory; • [18] While we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen: for the things
Conclusion • 2 Cor. 13: 14 • [14] The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. Amen.
GALATIANS Date- 55 -60 A. D. Theme- Justification by faith Do not revert to OL Paul’s defense Stressing by Judaizing teachers of the necessity of keeping the ceremonial laws of the Old covenant as part of the new life in Christ.
Key Texts 1: 1 -5 1: 6 -10 3: 15 5: 19 -22 6: 1 -5 6: 10 6: 3 -6
GALATIANS Salutation Rebuke- 1: 1 -5 - I marvel Vindication of Apostolic Authority 1: 6 -10 1: 11 -24 -Paul received the word by revelation 2: 1 -10 - Confirmation of His preaching by apostles in Jerusalem 2: 11 -21 - Paul’s independence
Justification By Faith • 3: 1 -4: 31 - Elaboration of the doctrine • 3: 1 - 4: 7 - Nature of justification by faith • 3: 15 - 4: 7 - Limits of the Old Law and its relation to faith • 4: 8 -31 - Appeal to drop all legalism (to OL)
Justification By Faith • 5: 1 - 6: 10 • Nature of the Life of Christian Liberty • 5: 1 - Maintain liberty • 5: 2 -12 - Peril of Christian liberty • 5: 13 -6: 10 - the life of freedom in Christ • 6: 11 - 17 - Conclusion v. 18 - Prayer for them
Galatians Summarized • Grace Defended • Given by divine Revelation • Approved By Jerusalem Leaders • Vindicated when Paul rebuked Peter
Galatians Summarized • Grace Explained • Holy Spirit given by grace not works • Abraham justified by faith and works • Justified by faith not the Old Law • Christ redeemed us from curse of OL • Covenant with Abraham not voided • Law given to lead us to faith • Believers are free from the Old Law
Final Summary of Galatians • Gospel of Grace Applied • Position of liberty- Stand fast • Practice of liberty- Love one another • Power of liberty- Walk in Spirit • Conflict between flesh and spirit • Works of flesh • Fruits of Spirit • Performance of liberty- do good to all • Bear others burdens • don’t be tired of doing well
Final Summary of Galatians • Conclusion • motives of Judaizers • motives of Paul
One of the specific letters in the N. T. • Romans through Hebrews
Author • The apostle Paul as guided by the Holy Spirit
To whom written • Paul wrote to the region or province of Galatia --- there were numerous congregations in that area
Why it was written • Paul was determined to prove that one could be a Christian without being a Jew
Message • “Christ, the Deliverer. In Christ, we have freedom from sin, from the law of Moses, and from the doctrines of men. ”
Brief outline • I. Paul defends his apostleship 1 -2 • II. Paul defends the gospel 3 -4 • III. The gospel applied 5 -6
Main Points In Each Chapter
Gal. 1 Introduction warning against perverting the gospel the source of Paul’s message Paul describes his early experiences as a Christian
Gal. 2 Paul’s contact with other apostles (in Jerusalem) Paul rebukes Peter at Antioch Judaism and Christianity are distinctive
Gal. 3 Paul rebukes the Galatians for turning from the gospel to the Law of Moses the true children of Abraham are those who follow the gospel the purpose of the Law the promises to Abraham are fulfilled in Christ
Gal. 4 We are delivered from the Law of Moses Paul makes an appeal to them based on their former love for him the allegory of Hagar and Sarah
Gal. 5 “Be not entangled again with the yoke of bondage” (do not return to the Law) Paul rebukes the Galatians the works of the flesh contrasted with the fruit of the Spirit
Barclay, Pg. 31, 32 – Aselgeia • Porneia- “sin within a specific area of life, the area of sexual relationships. ” Driven by lust, but not necessarily devoid of feeling- Fornication • Uncleanness- akatharsia, a general defilement of the whole personality tainting every sphere of life. Still cares to some degree. In such a state a person cannot approach God sincerely due to unwillingness to repent • Aselgia- a love of sin so reckless that a man has ceased to care what God or man thinks of his actions. A man may be akathartos (impure, unclean) and hide his sin, for public opinion and public decency still have some hold on him. Licentiousness does not allow for this- no care
Aselges- adjective • A man does not become aselges until he shocks public decency. As Lightfoot sees it, the act of aselgeia has come to such a stage of sinning that it makes no attempt to hide or cloak its sin. IT IS SIN LOST TO SHAME. • 2 Cor. 12: 21 - used in the “trio of impurity, immorality and licentiousness. In Eph. 4: 19 - licentiousness is said to be greedy to practice every kind of uncleanness. ”
Aselgeia • “denotes sin so blatant that it has ceased to have any regard for what anyone may think , feel or say. • Wanton and undisciplined action. A man at the mercy of his passions, impulses and emotions. The voice of reason is silenced by the storm of self-will. No respect for the persons or rights of others (this has ceased to exist). Complete indifference to public opinion and public decency. It is the act of a character that has lost what ought to be its greatest defense (self-respect and a sense of shame). - Barclay, pg. 32, Aselgeia, Flesh And Spirit
Gal. 6 Restoring the erring “And let us not be weary in well doing” let us glory in the cross of Christ
Some Of The Great Truths Found In Galatians
The gospel cannot be changed – Gal. 1: 6 -9 [6] I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel: [7] Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ.
[8] But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed. [9] As we said before, so say I now again, If any man preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed.
Paul had been converted by the very Gospel he had earlier opposed - Gal. 1: 23 [23] But they had heard only, That he which persecuted us in times past now preacheth the faith which once he destroyed.
Christ died in vain if men are still under the Law of Moses – Gal. 2: 21 [21] I do not frustrate the grace of God: for if righteousness come by the law, then Christ is dead in vain.
The curse of the cross was changed into the glory of God - Gal. 3: 13 [13] Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree:
We become children of God by faith in Christ Jesus AFTER we are baptized into him – Gal. 3: 26 -27 [26] For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. [27] For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ.
We are no one’s enemy when we preach the truth - Gal. 4: 16 [16] Am I therefore become your enemy, because I tell you the truth?
One who would seek to be justified by the law is fallen from grace – Gal. 5: 4 [4] Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are justified by the law; ye are fallen from grace.
Faith, which works by love, is God’s arrangement – Gal. 5: 6 [6] For in Jesus Christ neither circumcision availeth anything, nor uncircumcision; but faith which worketh by love.
Those who practice the works of the flesh will be lost – Gal. 5: 19 -21 [19] Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, [20] Idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, [21] Envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also told you in time past, that they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.
We must bear the fruit of the Spirit – Gal. 5: 22 -23 [22] But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, [23] Meekness, temperance: against such there is no law.
Christians must bear one another’s burdens – Gal. 6: 2 [2] Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ.
We reap what we have sown – Gal. 6: 7 -8 [7] Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap. [8] For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting.
Christians must “do good unto all men” –Gal. 6: 10 [10] As we have therefore opportunity, let us do good unto all men, especially unto them who are of the household of faith.
Conclusion --- Gal. 6: 14 [14] But God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom the world is crucified unto me, and I unto the world.
Conclusion --- Gal. 6: 9 [9] And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not.
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