Light from Stars When you see the light

Light from Stars When you see the light from a star, it is light that left it many years ago. n Light travels very fast, but the distances in space are so great that it takes years for the light to reach Earth. -sometimes tens of thousands of years. n The light and other energy leaving a star are forms of radiation. n

Radiation Remember: radiation is energy transmitted through electromagnetic waves. n Because of electric and magnetic properties of this energy, it is called electromagnetic radiation. n Electromagnetic waves carry energy through both empty space and matter. n

How do we hear astronauts in space? n n Sound waves are mechanical waves; they can’t travel through space So, how do we hear astronauts in space?

How do we hear astronauts in space? n When they speak into a microphone, the sound is converted into electromagnetic waves called radio waves. The radio waves travel through space and back to Earth where they are converted back into sound.

Electromagnetic Spectrum n All electromagnetic waves have different wavelengths, but the all travel at the speed of light in a vacuum- 300, 000 km/s in a vacuum

Satellites n A satellite is any object that revolves around another object.

Satellites When an object enters space, it will travel in a straight line until the Earth’s gravity pulls it back toward Earth. n Because the satellite is traveling forward and falling toward Earth at the same time, the satellite will travel in a curved path around Earth known as an orbit. n

2 Types of Satellites Natural & Artificial There are both natural and artificial satellites.

Natural Satellites n n The moon is a natural satellite. It orbits the Earth.

Sputnik- 1 st Artificial Satellite

Sputnik 1 n Sputnik was launched by the Soviets in 1957, marking the beginning of space exploration.

Space Probes A space probe is an instrument that gathers information and sends it back to Earth. Space probes travel far into space. n Examples: Voyager I and II (didn’t land on a planet), Viking (did land), Galileo (dropped probe onto Jupiter) n

Space Program & Important People Yuri Gagarin & President Kennedy

Yuri Gagarin n In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human in space.

President Kennedy n President Kennedy called for the US to put the first man on the moon by the end of the decade.

Projects that led to man on the moon n Project Mercury Project Gemini Project Apollo

Project Mercury n Project Mercury- orbit a crewed spacecraft around Earth and bring it back safely

Alan Shepard n 1961 - Alan Shepard became 1 st US citizen in space n n n Was not on Apollo 13 because of an ear infection Apollo 14 -oldest man on moon (47) Hit golf balls on moon

John Glenn n 1962 - John Glenn became the 1 st US citizen to orbit the Earth

Project Gemini n Project Gemini- two teams of astronauts met and connected

Project Gemini

Project Apollo n Project Apollo- July 20, 1969 Apollo 11 landed on the moon n Saturn V that launched Apollo 11

Project Apollo n Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the man.

Neil Armstrong n “That’s one step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. ”

Apollo 11 - Edwin Aldrin n n Edwin Aldrin was the 2 nd man to walk on the moon. He and Armstrong explored for 2 hours.

Apollo 11 - Michael Collins n n Michael Collins remained in the Command Module. A total of 6 lunar landings brought back 2000 samples of moon rock. The program ended in 1972.

Space Shuttle n A space shuttle is a reusable spacecraft that transports astronauts, satellites, and other materials to and from space.

Space Shuttle n At launch, the space shuttle orbiter stands on end and is connected to an external liquid-fuel tank and two solid-fuel booster engines.

Space Shuttle n When the shuttle reaches an altitude of about 45 km, the emptied solid-fuel booster rockets drop off and parachute back to earth. They are recovered and reused again.

Space Shuttle n The larger liquid fuel tank eventually separates and falls back to Earth. It is not recovered.

Space Shuttle n Once the space shuttle reaches space, it orbits Earth.

Space Shuttle Landing n At the end of a mission, the space shuttle orbiter glides back to Earth and lands like an airplane. The parachute slows it down.

Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster n n n January 28, 1986 7 crew members diedone of which was teacher Christina Mc. Auliffe Mc Auliffe was first member of the Teachers in Space Program

Challenger

Space Stations n A space station has living quarters, work and exercise space, and all the equipment and support systems needed to live and work in space.

Skylab n Skylab was a space station put up in 1973. In 1979 it was abandoned and fell back into earth’s atmosphere and burned up

Skylab Launch

Skylab Launch

Mir n Mir was a Soviet space station.

International Space Station n International Space Station serves as a research lab for several countries. Permanent crew Scientists on Earth have almost instant access to experiments and can modify when needed