Lifestyles Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension Lifestyles fitness and

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension

Lifestyles, fitness and rehabilitation Hypertension • What is Blood Pressure? – Pressure created by the heart as it pumps blood through the arteries and the circulatory system • What do Blood Pressure Numbers Mean? – Top number (Systolic)= Pressure while heart is beating – Bottom number (Diastolic)= Pressure while heart is resting between beats

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Normal Blood Pressure – Blood Pressure of < 140/ 90 – Blood Pressure of 130 to 139/ 85 to 89 should be closely watched • High Blood Pressure – Blood Pressure > 140/ 90

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • How can I tell if I have High Blood Pressure? – Usually NO SYMPTOMS! – “The Silent Killer” – May have: • • Headache Blurry vision Chest Pain Frequent urination at night

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Blood Pressure Measurement – Sphygmomanometer – Systolic pressure= pressure when 1 st sound is heard – “Diastolic pressure= pressure when last sound is heard • Blood Pressure Cuff Size – Small – children and small adults – Average – Large – overweight and large adults

American Heart Association Recommended Blood Pressure Levels Lifestyles, fitness And Rehabilitation BP Category Systolic (mm. Hg) Diastolic (mm. Hg) Follow-up Optimal < 120 and < 80 Recheck 2 years Normal < 130 and < 85 Recheck 2 years High Normal 130 -139 or 85 -89 Recheck 1 year

American Heart Association Recommended Blood Pressure Levels Lifestyles, fitness And Rehabilitation BP Category Systolic (mm. Hg) Diastolic (mm. Hg) Stage 1 (mild HTN) Stage 2 (moderate HTN) Stage 3 (severe HTN) Follow-up 90 -99 Confirm within months 160 -179 or 100 -109 Evaluate within 1 month 180 or > or Evaluate 110 or > immediately 140 -159 or

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • What Causes High Blood Pressure? – Cause unknown in 90 to 95% of cases = Primary Hypertension – Secondary Hypertension = 5 to 10% • • • Kidney Abnormalities Narrowing of certain arteries Rare tumors Adrenal gland abnormalities Pregnancy

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • What Causes High Blood Pressure? – Controllable Risk Factors • • • Increased salt intake Obesity Alcohol Stress Lack of exercise

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • What Causes High Blood Pressure? – Uncontrollable Risk Factors • Heredity • Age – Men between age 35 and 50 – Women after menopause • Race – 1 out of every 3 African Americans – Higher incidence in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Women and High Blood Pressure – Birth Control Pill – Pregnancy – Overweight – After Menopause – African Americans

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • How does High Blood Pressure develop? – Certain nerve impulses cause arteries to become larger (dilate) or smaller (contract) – If vessels wide open blood flows easily – If vessel narrows pressure inside increases causing hypertension

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • What does High Blood Pressure do to my Body? – – – Stroke Congestive heart failure Kidney failure Heart attack Heart rhythm problems Aneurysm

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • What Can I Do? – High blood pressure is a lifelong disease – Blood pressure can be controlled not cured – Controlling blood pressure will reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney disease

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • What Can I Do? – Loose weight if your overweight – Get regular physical activity – Avoid excessive alcohol – Stop smoking – Manage your stress

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • What Can I Do? – Decrease salt intake – Eat for heart health – Discuss the use of oral contraceptives with your doctor – Discuss the use of some medications with your doctor

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Ten Commandments for Blood Pressure Control 1– Know your blood pressure • Have it checked regularly 2– Know what your weight should be • Keep it at that level or below 3– Don’t use excessive salt in cooking or at meals • Avoid salty foods

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Ten Commandments for Blood Pressure Control 4– Eat a low-fat diet • According to AHA regulations 5– Don’t smoke cigarettes • Or use tobacco products 6– Take your medicine exactly as prescribed • Don’t run out of pills even for a single day

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Ten Commandments for Blood Pressure Control 7– Keep your appointments with the doctor 8– Follow your doctors advice about exercise 9– Make certain family members have their blood pressure checked regularly 10 – Live a normal life in every other way!

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Medication for High Blood Pressure – Diuretics • Rid the body of excess fluids and salt – Beta-blockers • Reduce the heart rate and the work of the heart – Calcium antagonists • Reduce heart rate and relax blood vessels

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Medication for High Blood Pressure – Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ACE) • Interfere with the bodies production of angiotensin, a chemical that causes the arteries to constrict (narrow) – Vasodialators • Cause the muscle in the wall of the blood vessels to relax, allowing the vessel to dialate (widen)

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Medication for High Blood Pressure – Sympathetic nerve inhibitors • Sympathetic nerves go from the brain to all parts of the body, including the arteries • Cause arteries to constrict raising blood pressure • These drugs reduce blood pressure by inhibiting these nerves from constricting blood vessels

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Home Blood Pressure Monitoring – Mercury sphygmomanometer • • • Standard for BP monitoring No calibration May be bulky Need a second person to use machine May be difficult for hearing impaired or patients with arthritis

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Home Blood Pressure Monitoring – Aneroid equipment • • Inexpensive, lightweight and portable Two person operation/need stethoscope Delicate mechanism, easily damaged Needs calibration with mercury sphygmomanometer

Lifestyles, Fitness and Rehabilitation Hypertension • Home Blood Pressure Monitoring – Automatic equipment • • • Contained in one unit Portable with easy-to-read digital display Expensive, fragile Must be calibrated Requires careful cuff placement