Lifestyle diseases Emphysema Lung Cancer Cirrhosis Emphysema v

Lifestyle diseases Emphysema Lung Cancer Cirrhosis

Emphysema v. Over-inflation of the alveoli that decreases lung function v. Air sacs become less efficient and lungs become enlarged

Description continues • Damage is irreversible • Disease is often accompanied by other respiratory diseases

Population • Most common among individuals older than 50 • Men tend to have higher rates than women

Mortality • The 4 th most common cause of death in the US.

Risk factors • Smoking is responsible for 80 -90% of COPD • Asthma, bronchitis and emphysema

Signs and Symptoms • Shortness of breath • Coughing • Difficulty breathing during daily activities

Signs and Symptoms • Skipped breaths, difficulty sleeping, headaches, difficulty breathing lying down, chronic fatigue, swelling of feet, ankles or legs.

Long Term Effects • Any physical activity becomes difficult • Person may require an oxygen tank for the rest of their lives.

Long Term Effects • Makes the heart work harder------leads to • Heart Damage • Death

Barrel Chest

LUNG CANCER

Vocabulary • Cancer • Cells rapidly divide when new cells are not needed. • Extra mass is called a tumor

Vocabulary • Benign • Not cancerous and rarely life threatening • Tumor can be removed and cells do not spread.

Vocabulary • Malignant= cancerous • Cells spread • May enter the blood stream or the lymphatic system

Vocabulary • Metastasis or to metastasize • How cancer spreads to other parts of the body

Vocabulary • Lesion • An area of diseased or abnormal tissue

Description • Cells in the lung start to grow and divide rapidly • It may begin anywhere in the lung • Spreads easily

Population/ Mortality • Most common cancer related cause of death

Risk Factors • Smoking: • Accounts for 87% of all lung cancer cases

What may happen to teens who smoke…….

Risk factors • Radon: 2 nd leading cause of lung cancer • Can’t see or smell • Need to have levels measured in the home

Risk Factors • Work-related substances • Carcinogens

Signs and Symptoms • None in early stages • Advanced stages • Chronic Cough, hoarseness, coughing up blood, wheezing

Signs and Symptoms • • • Weight loss Loss of appetite Shortness of breath Fever Repeated bouts of bronchitis/pneumonia and chest pain

Long Term Effects • Increased risk of cancer spreading (75%) • Side effects from chemotherapy and radiation therapy • Death

Cirrhosis

Description • Scar tissue replaces healthy tissue in the liver • Blocks blood flow through the organ

• Prevents liver from working correctly – Removing poisons from the blood – Producing immune agents – Removing bacteria from blood – Producing bile to absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins

Population/Mortality • 10 th leading cause of death • Kills: 26, 000 people per year

Risk factors • Excessive drinking • Greatest risk factor • Develops after more than a decade of heavy drinking

Excessive drinking • Male- as few as 3 -4 drinks per day • Female-as few as 2 -3 drinks per day

Hepatitis • 20% of infected people develop cirrhosis within 20 years of infection

Gender • Male tend to be affected more than women

Signs and Symptoms • May not have any in early stages • Lack of appetite, weight loss, nausea • Small, red spider veins under skin or easy bruising

• Weakness, fatigue • Yellow of skin and eyes • Dark cola colored urine • Loss of interest in sex

• Bleeding from engorged veins in esophagus or intestines • Fluid in abdominal cavity-Ascites

• Itching on hands and feet…entire body • Mental confusion • Forgetfulness • Trouble concentrating

Long Term Effects • Portal Hypertension • Massive bleeding of esophagus or stomach – Life threatening!! • Ascites • Hepatic Encephalopathy • Brain poisoned by toxins