Lifestyle Diseases 1 Lifestyle diseases Diseases caused partly

Lifestyle Diseases

1. Lifestyle diseases • Diseases caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors.

2. Controllable Risk Factors • Factors include habits, behaviors, and practices one can change. – Diet – Body weight – Physical activity – Sun exposure – Smoking – Alcohol consumption

3. Uncontrollable risk factors • Risk factors that cannot be changed or controlled – Age – Gender – Ethnicity – Heredity

4. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) • Diseases and disorders that result from progressive damage to the heart and blood vessels. • Leading cause of death in the United States

5. Risk Factors for CVD’s • • • Smoking Being overweight High blood pressure High cholesterol Diabetes

6. High Blood Pressure (hypertension) • Increased force exerted against walls of arteries which puts extra strain on the heart. • “Silent Killer”; people don’t realize they have it until they have a heart attack. • Hypertension can eventually damage the kidneys and eyes.

7. Atherosclerosis • Disease characterized by the buildup of fatty materials on the walls of the arteries.

8. Heart attack • The damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle. • Caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

9. Stroke • The damage and loss of function of an area of the brain. • Caused by loss of blood flow to the brain. – Blood clot – Burst vessel

10. Detection of CVD’s • Blood pressure • Electrocardiogram – ECG or EKG • Ultrasound • Angiography

11. Treatment of CVD’s • • • Diet and exercise Medications Surgery Angioplasty Pacemakers Transplants

12. Preventing CVD’s • • • Lower fat and salt intake Keep weight near recommended levels Don’t smoke Exercise regularly Monitor blood pressure Relax!

13. Cancer • A disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth.

14. Tumors • Masses of abnormal cells. • Malignant Tumor – mass of cells that invades and destroys healthy tissue. • Benign Tumor – non-cancerous mass of cells that develops in the body.

15. Causes of Cancer • Genetics • Carcinogens – cancer causing agents – Certain viruses – HPV (cervical cancer) – Radioactivity and ultraviolet radiation. – Chemicals found in tobacco smoke. – Asbestos – Toxic chemicals.

16. Detecting Cancer • • • Self-exams Biopsy X-Rays MRI Blood and DNA tests

17. Warning signs of Cancer Change in bowel or bladder habits. A sore that doesn’t heal. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing. Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness.

18. Treating Cancer • Surgery • Chemotherapy • Radiation therapy Usually, a combination of the above mentioned treatments are used.

19. Preventing Cancer • • • Don’t smoke Protect your skin Eat more vegetables and decrease fat Stay active and maintain a healthy weight Get regular medical check-ups.

20. Diabetes • The body’s inability to produce sufficient amounts of insulin resulting in an inability to metabolize glucose.

21. Insulin • A hormone produced in the pancreas that causes cells to remove glucose from the bloodstream.

22. Diabetic coma • Loss of consciousness due to a high concentration of blood sugar in the bloodstream.

23. Insulin Shock • Disorder caused by high concentration of insulin and a low concentration of blood sugar.

24. Types of diabetes • Type 1 Diabetes – Insulin-dependent or juvenile diabetes. – Body doesn’t make insulin • Type 2 Diabetes – Non-insulin dependent diabetes. – Commonly occurs in people over 40 and people who are obese. • Gestational Diabetes – Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.

25. Treating Diabetes • Type 1: monitoring of blood-sugar levels and insulin injections • Type 2: diet and exercise. Weight control. • Gestational: diet and exercise.

26. Preventing Diabetes • No way to prevent Type 1 Diabetes. • Reducing risk of Type 2 Diabetes. – Maintain healthy weight. – Avoid tobacco products. – Monitor sugar intake. – Reduce stress in your life.