Life on the Home Front World War I

Life on the Home Front World War I (1914 -1918) Chapter 24, Section 3

Do Now: • What Do You See? • What is the Author Trying to Say? • What Symbolism is Being Used? – What Does it Mean?

Essential Questions: • What does it mean to have “free” speech? ” • Should “free speech” be limited? Why or Why Not? • Is “free speech” necessary for a country to be free?

How is the U. S. Going to PAY for World War I? • U. S. Government Sold War Bonds! – Low Interest Loans by CITIZENS to the U. S. Government – Think of U. S. Savings Bonds – Baptism/Communion/ Confirmation/ Bah mitzvahs/Weddings

Selling War Bonds • U. S. Government Officials Held Liberty Loan Drives to Raise $$$ • Propaganda Posters • Hollywood Actors Were Used to Promote the Sale of War Bonds

“Victory Gardens” • U. S. Citizens Were Asked to Grow Gardens at Home • Less Food Would Be Bought At Stores • Extra Food Could Then Be Shipped to the Soldiers in Europe!

U. S. Citizens At Home • School Children Rolled Bandages • Collected Tin Cans, Paper, Toothpaste Tubs, Apricot Pits • Women Knitted Socks, Sweaters, Hospital Gowns

Rationing • Citizens Did NOT Eat Wheat on Mondays & Wednesdays • NO Meat on Tuesdays • NO More Pleasure Drives (Save Gas) • Limited Use of Metals & Steel: – Needed for the War

Government Control of the Economy • Government Needed to Make Sure They Had Enough Supplies to Win the War • Government Wanted to Make Sure We Win! • Government Created 3 National Boards!

The War Industries Board • Managed the Buying & Distribution of War Materials • Made Sure the Factories Had Materials Needed for War Supplies • Built New Factories • Set Production Goals

War Industries Board • War Industries Board Also Set Prices of Goods • Because Materials Were Scarce, Prices Would Skyrocket Up! – Supply & Demand • Only the Rich Could Then Buy Goods!

National War Labor Board • Settled Conflicts Between Workers (Labor Unions) & Factory Owners • Made Sure There Were NO Strikes During WWI • Can’t Have a Strike During a War! – No Supplies Would be Made!

The National War Labor Board

Committee on Public Information • Government Agency That Created Propaganda • Propaganda: Propaganda Opinions Expressed for the Purpose of Influencing People to Take Action! • Posters, Pamphlets, Movies, Songs, Etc…

WWI: The War of Posters!

Hayes & D’Ascoli… Play WWI Song, “Johnnie Get Your Gun!”

Find Your Favorite Piece of Propaganda on Hayes’ Walls!

Propaganda Created Prejudice: • U. S. Government Wanted to Create Support for WWI • Propaganda Led to Prejudice Against Central Power Countries! • German Americans Faced it the Worst!

What Were The “New” Names?

Personal Reflection: • Should government’s have the right to create propaganda to influence it’s citizens to take action? • Should businesses have that same right?

You Tube • Army Strong Commercials • Navy Commercials

Espionage Act (1917) & Sedition Act (1918) • Made it Illegal to Criticize WWI • Heavy Fines & 10 Years in Jail • Why Do YOU Think the U. S. Made Criticism of the War Illegal?

Free Speech? • U. S. Arrested More Than 1, 500 Pacifists, Socialists, & Other War Critics • Eugene Debs Was Arrested for Protesting the War! 10 Years in Jail! • What Was the U. S. Afraid Of?

Alien & Sedition Acts • U. S. Government Passed the Alien & Sedition Acts in 1796 (7 th Grade) • Limited Criticism of the Government! • Why Do YOU Think Many Americans Thought the Alien, Espionage (1917) & Sedition (1918) Acts Were a Violation of Their Rights?

Socratic Seminar: Marilyn Manson T-Shirt vs. School Dress Code

Debate • Should governments have the right to silence its’ citizens when they feel its’ in their best interests?

7 Supreme Court Cases • You Must Know 7 Supreme Court Cases for the N. Y. S. Assessment: – Marbury vs. Madison – Dred Scott vs. Sanford – Munn vs. Illinois – Plessy vs. Ferguson – Schenck vs. United States – ? ? ?

Schenck vs. United States • Mr. Schenck Handed Out Anti-War Pamphlets in Times Square, NY – Arrested for Violation of the Espionage & Sedition Acts! • Sued - Claimed 1 st Amendment Was Violated • Argued Espionage & Sedition Acts Took Away Freedom of Speech

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes • “The most stringent [strict] protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theatre and causing a panic… The question in every case is whether the words used… are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about … evils that Congress has a right to prevent. » Oliver Wendell Holmes, Schenck vs. the U. S. , 1919

Free Speech? • Can the KKK Have a Parade Down Columbus Avenue? • Can Eminem Curse on His New Album? • Should Free Speech Be Limited?

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes • The Supreme Court Ruled that Free Speech Can Be Limited! • You Do NOT Have a Right to Free Speech if it Creates a, “Clear and Present Danger!” • Arlington National Cemetery – We Will See His Grave!

The Great Migration • Labor Shortage in Factories Because Men Were Drafted! • 500, 000 African Americans Move into Northern Cities for JOBS! • #1 Reason = Jobs • Also Left South to Escape Bigotry, Poverty, & Racial Violence (Better Life)

Mexican Migration to U. S. During WWI • Job Opportunities: – Railroads – Farming in the South West of the U. S. • Revolution in Mexico: – Many Mexicans Escaped to the United States • Some Mexicans Went to Northern Cities: – Factory Jobs

New Job Opportunities for Women During WWI • Women Worked in Steel Mills, Ammunition Factories & On Assembly Lines • Served as Streetcar Conductors & Elevator Operators • Jobs During WWI Helped Women Get the 19 th Amendment!

The Flu Epidemic of 1918 • Flu Epidemic of 1918 Killed 20 MILLION People Around the World! • Over 500, 000 Americans Died • Schools & Public Places Were Shut Down • How Was the Flu Able to Reach 6 Continents?

Essential Questions: • What does it mean to have “free” speech? ” • Should “free speech” be limited? Why or Why Not? • Is “free speech” necessary for a country to be free?