Life of Andrew Jackson Jasmine Barcellona Date of

Life of Andrew Jackson Jasmine Barcellona

Date of Birth His birth date is March 15, 1767

Place of Birth He was born in Waxhaws region between North& South Carolina Birth was at his uncle’s house.

Childhood Andrew Jackson’s parents names are Andrew and Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson. They were Scots-ish colonists and they in immigrated from Ireland in 16765. His location was unknown Jackson’s mother was making a trip to the Appalachian Mountains after she buried her husband who died three weeks before Jackson was born. He received and education at the age of 13, he joined the militia and severed a courier during the Revolutionary war. But his older brother Hugh died in the battle of Stono Ferry in 1779 and Andrew and his brother Robert were captured by the British. But in captivity the brothers contracted smallpox from which Robert did not recover. So in a few days they were released by the British and Robert died. No long after Jackson mother died of Cholera. At the age of 14 Jackson was orphaned. He was raised by his uncles. He begin to study law in Salisbury , North Carolina. In his late teens. But in 1787 he was admitted to a bar and became a layer in Jonesborough, Tennessee. http: //www. presidents-usa. info/president-

Personal Facts He was Irish-America president He was on the Democratic party side dates of Presidency: 3/4/18293/3/1837 His vice presidenst was John C. Calhoun & Martin Van Buren. His nickname was Old Hickory Martin Van Buren supported him because he worked to the bolster the Democratic party. First lady: Donelson Emily , Niece of his wife Rachel. Wife maiden name: Rachel Donelson. Had one kid. No collage education. His religion was Presbyterian His profession: Military He was Major General

Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams won he had 84 electoral votes the house of Representatives voted for him.

Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson won

Jackson & Political convention In 1796 He became a member of the convention in Tennessee and he was elected to senate after 2 years. But he resigned after only serving eight months. In 1789 he was elected as juge of the Tennessee supreme court and serving that position until 1804.

Jackson Actively Campaigning The Virginia presidential dynasty was coming to an end with the second term of James Monroe. Three seasoned members of his cabinet vied for the succession: Secretary of State John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts, Secretary of the Treasury William Harris Crawford of Georgia, and Secretary of War John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. Henry Clay of Kentucky, the brilliant Speaker of the House of Representatives and a rival of Jackson's for popularity in the new western states, was also an aspirant. Compared to these men, Jackson had scanty qualifications as a statesman, with only brief and undistinguished service in Congress and as a territorial governor. Where all Presidents since Washington had served extensive administrative and diplomatic apprenticeships, Jackson had never held a Cabinet post or even been abroad. He spoke no foreign languages and even wrote English roughly. On the other hand, his heroics as a general had a far greater hold on the public imagination than the

Spoils System. During the campaign, Jackson had charged the Adams bureaucracy with fraud and with working against his election. As President, he initiated sweeping removals among highranking government officials—Washington bureau chiefs, land customs officers, and federal marshals and attorneys. Jackson claimed to be purging the corruption, laxity, and arrogance that came with long tenure, and restoring the opportunity for government service to the citizenry at large through "rotation in office. " But haste and gullibility did much to confuse his purpose. Under the guise of reform, many offices were doled out as rewards for political services. Newspaper editors who had championed Jackson's cause, some of them very unsavory characters, came in for special favor. His most appalling appointee was an old army comrade and political sycophant named Samuel Swartwout. Against all advice, Jackson made him collector of the New York City customhouse, where the government collected nearly half its

Kitchen Caninet When President Andrew Jackson took office in 1829, his official Cabinet was fractured by factional disputes, largely resulting from the fierce rivalry between Vice President John C. Calhoun and Secretary of State Martin Van Buren. The infighting was so pronounced that the Cabinet became virtually ineffectual, and Jackson stopped holding Cabinet meetings. He turned instead to an unofficial group of trusted friends and advisors, mocked in the rival press as the “Kitchen Cabinet. ” Francis Preston Blair was a valued member. The Kitchen Cabinet played an important role in the Jackson administration until 1831. That year, controversy within the official Cabinet provoked the resignation of Van Buren and Secretary of War John Eaton, which allowed Jackson to request the resignations of all of the remaining members. The Kitchen Cabinet gradually declined with the success of his next official Cabinet, but Jackson’s bond with Blair remained strong to the President’s death in 1842.

Veto Power used by Jackson He is generally considered by historians to have been one of the nation’s most vigorous and powerful chief executives. He advanced a new vision of the President as the direct representative of the people. Jackson put theory into practice with the vigorous exercise of his executive powers —interpreting the Constitution and enforcing the law independently, wielding the veto power for policy as well as constitutional reasons, and re-establishing control over the executive branch. In the first of two great political conflicts of his time, the Bank War, Jackson vetoed a law that the Supreme Court and Congress both thought constitutional, removed federal deposits from the Bank, and fired cabinet secretaries who would not carry out his orders. In the second, the Nullification Crisis, Jackson again interpreted the nature of the Constitution and the Union on behalf of the people, and made clear his authority to carry out federal law, even against resisting states. Although he was a staunch defender of limited government, Jackson would confront head-on the forces seeking a weaker union and or a weaker Executive. His achievement would be to restore and expand the Presidency, within the context of a permanent Union. He would also spark resistance so strong that it would coalesce into a new political party, the Whig party, devoted to opposing concentrated executive power.

Nullication Crisis The nullification crisis was precipitated by South Carolina's bitterness at Jackson's failure to urge a major downward revision of tariff rates. Protective tariffs were considered unconstitutional, inexpedient, and inequitable throughout the South, but resentment was most extreme in South Carolina. theoretician, in his Exposition (1828) and Fort Hill Address (1831), each state retained the final authority to declare federal laws unconstitutional. Jackson was a moderate on the tariff issue. He considered modest protection necessary to ensure the production of goods necessary for national defense and security, to establish a parity with European manufacturers, and to raise sufficient revenue to pay the national debt. He did not doubt the constitutionality of tariff protection. He vowed, therefore, to pursue "a middle and just course" on the tariff, a policy that was also politically expedient because of the lack of consensus among Democrats on the subject.

Trail of Tears At the beginning of the 1830 s, nearly 125, 000 Native Americans lived on millions of acres of land in Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina and Florida–land their ancestors had occupied and cultivated for generations. By the end of the decade, very few natives remained anywhere in the southeastern United States. Working on behalf of white settlers who wanted to grow cotton on the Indians’ land, the federal government forced them to leave their homelands and walk thousands of miles to a specially designated “Indian territory” across the Mississippi River. This difficult and sometimes deadly journey is known as the Trail of Tears.

Treatment of Cherokee Indains After demanding both political and military action on removing Native American Indians from the southern states of America in 1829, President Andrew Jackson signed this into law on May 28, 1830. Although it only gave the right to negotiate for their withdrawal from areas to the east of the Mississippi river and that relocation was supposed to be voluntary, all of the pressure was there to make this all but inevitable. All the tribal leaders agreed after Jackson’s landslide election victory in 1832. It is generally acknowledged that this act spelled the end of Indian Rights to live in those states under their own traditional laws. They were forced to assimilate and concede to US law or leave their homelands. The Indian Nations themselves were force to move and ended up in Oklahoma.

Discrimination By jackson To the fugitive slave fleeing a life of bondage, the North was a land of freedom. Or so he or she thought. Upon arriving there, the fugitive found that, though they were no longer slaves, neither were they free. African Americans in the North lived in a strange state of semi-freedom. The North may had emancipated its slaves, but it was not ready to treat the blacks as citizens. . . or sometimes even as human beings. Northern racism grew directly out of slavery and the ideas used to justify the institution. The concepts of "black" and "white" did not arrive with the first Europeans and Africans, but grew on American soil. During Andrew Jackson's administration, racist ideas took on new meaning. Jackson brought in the "Age of the Common Man. " Under his administration, working class people gained rights they had not before possessed, particularly the right to vote. But the only people who benefited were white men. Blacks, Indians, and women were not included.

Indian Removal Act 1830 was signed into law by Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. During the fall and winter of 1838 and 1839, the Cherokees were forcibly moved west by the United States government. Approximately 4, 000 Cherokees died on this forced march, which became known as the "Trail of Tears. " President Andrew Jackson outlined his Indian removal policy in his Second Annual Message to Congress on December 6, 1830. Jackson's comments on Indian removal begin with the words, "It gives me pleasure to announce to Congress that the benevolent policy of the Government, steadily pursued for nearly thirty years, in relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation. Two important tribes have accepted the provision made for their removal at the last session of Congress, and it is believed that their example will induce

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Reference page http: //www. google. com/url? sa=t &rct=j&q=andrew%20 jackson%2 0 place%20 of%20 birth&source= web&cd=4&sqi=2&ved=0 CCg. Q Fj. AD&url=http%3 A%2 F%2 Fww w. biography. com%2 Fpeople%2 Fandrew-jackson 9350991&ei=I 3 X 0 VMTt. F 8 Oqy. A SKqo. Bw&usg=AFQj. CNHOXb. Q Q 9 If. Cvpy 8 KMcxc 15 Wo 5 qvmw& sig 2=1 C 39 JQ_e. Nmteke. Q 66 oy. R Yg&bvm=bv. 87269000, d. a. Ww www. whitehouse. gov/1600/presidents/andrewjackson White www. whitehouse. gov/1600/presidents/andrewjackson. White House