LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM Malaria parasite plasmodium Pathogen
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LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM
Malaria parasite (plasmodium) • Pathogen of malaria • P. vivax ; P. falciparum ; P. malariae ; P. ovale • P. vivax ; P. falciparum are more common • Plasmodium is a wide distribution in many tropical or subtropical regions of the world 12 -09 -2021 S VIJAYA KV ISLAND GROUNDS CHENNAI REGION 2
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Human Acquired 12 -09 -2021 Immunodeficiency Immune Deficiency S VIJAYA KV ISLAND GROUNDS CHENNAI REGION Virus Syndrome 5
HIV • retro virus • Has RNA as genetic material 12 -09 -2021 S VIJAYA KV ISLAND GROUNDS CHENNAI REGION 6
• Means Of Transmission: – Sexual contact with infected person – Sharing infected needles (as in case of intravenous drug abusers) – Transfusion of contaminated blood – Infected mother to child through placenta • Time lag between infection and appearance of symptoms − Few months to many years (5 -10 years) 12 -09 -2021 S VIJAYA KV ISLAND GROUNDS CHENNAI REGION 7
• Virus enters the body of a person and enters macrophages. Viral RNA reverse transcribes to viral DNA, Incorporation of Viral DNA into DNA new viral particles are produced. Thus Macrophages become a virtual HIV factory. HIV enters helper T-lymphocytes, replicates, and produces progenies. As the progenies are released, they attack other T-lymphocytes. Therefore, T-lymphocytes start decreasing in number and immune response of the person becomes weak. S VIJAYA KV ISLAND GROUNDS CHENNAI 12 -09 -2021 REGION 8
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• Diagnosis of AIDS − By ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) • Treatment − No permanent cure; antiretroviral therapies can prolong the life of patient • Prevention of AIDS – Ensuring use of disposable syringes – Screening blood from blood banks – Advocating safe sex – NACO (National AIDS Control Organization) and many NGOs are doing a lot to create awareness among people. 12 -09 -2021 S VIJAYA KV ISLAND GROUNDS CHENNAI REGION 10
1. What species of plasmodium causes malignant malaria? 2. Name the toxin released by the rupturing of RBC. 3. At what stage malarial parasite enters into the human body? 4. Fusion of gametocytes occur in __________ 5. How is HIV transmitted? 6. Describe the life cycle of HIV with an illustrated diagram 12 -09 -2021 S VIJAYA KV ISLAND GROUNDS CHENNAI REGION 11
