LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT Civil Engineering

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT • Civil Engineering project starts with idea, requirement to fulfill demands, will to provide basic amenities to the citizen by the state. Project ends with the infrastructure of facilities, recreational amenities, industrial plants in operation as reality

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT Phases through which a civil engineering project passes are: • Conceptual and Feasibility Studies. • Engineering Design. • Contracting and Procurement • Construction. • Commissioning of a project Start-up and Implementation • Utilization and Maintenance

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT • Conceptual and Feasibility Studies- In this stage, ideas generated by individuals / a group of people are studied. Following important points are carried out to establish the viability of the project. • Conceptual development of the model and its studies • Technical and economic feasibility studies • Environmental impact assessment • Social Impact assessment • Land geological survey-location of the project • Enumeration of major problems in translating the project to reality

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT • Engineering Design - In this stage, project takes the definite shape. All the technical issues related to the project are carried out. Engineers come out with the best alternatives available. • Design phase of project is carried out in two phases • Preliminary design • Detailed design • Preliminary design This stage involves primarily the studies of various design alternative, their economic comparative studies and architectural aspect. Also, in this stage, detailed field investigation such as soil testing, geological, hydrological data collection, market survey, etc are carried out. Depending on the nature of the project, various data is collected. It is difficult to say the end of feasibility study and the start of preliminary design. These steps are also a part of feasibility study.

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT • Detailed Design- In this stage, the project is broken down into its components and each of the elements are analyzed and designated, such that the engineer renders the explicit drawings and specifications which is used for construction. • Outcome of this design phase : The following are the outcome of this phase ü Drawing of the structures/facilities to be constructed ü Specifications of component to be employed which contain detailed description of the amenities to be constructed

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT • Contracting and Procurement: ü The bill of quantities are prepared ü Final cost estimate is worked out. Most of the agreements are signed and relationships between different parties involved is defined. ü Tender notices are advertised ü Qualification of contractor / suppliers is studied. ü Contract is awarded to execute the work ü Industrial material and equipment to be installed is purchased for industrial project.

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT • Construction -This is the most important phase of a civil engineering project, where the major portion of the money is invested. A lot of issues of project management are involved during this phase. The project is realized in the real world. The main work involved during construction is to answer the following questions • How to do the particular construction - (Construction Methods) • How to organize labor and equipment's to accomplish the construction - (Labor and equipment's Management) • How to manage materials for constructions - (Material Management) • How to breakdown the overall work into small identifiable work called activity and put them in sequence - (Construction Planning) • How to calculate the time and resources required to complete the activity and obtain the criticality of the activity - (Construction Scheduling)

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT • How to distribute the labor and equipment's, in order to accomplish the work in the given time (Labor, equipment, allocation, resource allocation • How to prepare the bill for the money invested in the construction to get the payment from the client - (Construction Finance) • How to conform the construction is according to drawing the specifications - (Quality of conformance) • How to implement the safety measure taken during construction - (Construction safety) • How to organize the different personals or the company involved in the construction and define relations among them - (Constructional Organization management, construction sub contracting, construction Supervision and method of reporting) • How to check whether the project is according to construction schedule and quality (Construction supervision) • What to do if things are not moving according to plan - (Disputes and arbitration, Labor laws, Penalty)

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT • How to avoid redundancy in the system - (Value engineering) • Commissioning of a project - Aim of this phase is to check that the project has been carried out according to the contract document. All the facilities developed should function properly as envisaged in the design. Also during this stage changes in the design during the construction is properly documented for the purpose of technical performance and financial implications. Following activities are carried out during this stage • • Check if each component is functioning according to design and specification Check if the entire system is functioning accordingly as desired To remove the defect if any during construction work Dream has come to reality • This is one of the main stage, in the bigger project such as power plant, industrial project, dam, etc, The commissioning in large project is carried out in several stages and then the complete system is tested. Testing of components are generally carried out during construction phase. Operational and maintenance instruction manuals are also prepared during this phase

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT • Utilization and maintenance • Basic infrastructure facilities created should be utilized to its fullest capacity • Regular repair of the part getting damaged has to be accomplished. • This stage has become a very important stage in dealing with project when we talk about the life cycle cost of the project.

LIFE CYCLE OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT