Life Chances 29 Life Chances in a Developed

Life Chances 29 Life Chances in a Developed and Developing Country 29

29. 0 Life Chances in a Developed and Developing Country Life Chances Learning Intentions You will be able to: § Describe a country as either developed, quickly developing or slowly developing. § Explain how access to healthcare can impact on the life chances of a young person in a developed and developing country. § Examine how educational opportunities can impact on the life chances of a young person in a developed and developing country. § Describe how gender can impact on a young person’s life chances in a developed and developing country. § Compare the employment opportunities for a young person in a developed and developing country. 29

29. 1 Developed and Developing Countries Life Chances 29 Countries can be grouped into three categories: Developed Quickly Developing Slowly Developing High-to-very-high levels of human development on the Human Development Index Medium levels of human development on the Human Development Index Low levels of human development on the Human Development Index More economically developed Considered less economically developed Most people work in the tertiary economic sector Most people work in the secondary economic sector Most people work in the primary economic sector Stages 4 and 5 of the Demographic Transition Model Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model Stages 1 and 2 of the Demographic Transition Model

29. 1 Developed and Developing Countries Life Chances 29 Development and Life Chances A country’s level of development can affect the life chances of a young person. Access to healthcare Gender equality Life chances Employment opportunities Educational opportunities

29. 1 Developed and Developing Countries Life Chances 29 We will compare the life chances of a young person in Ireland with the life chances of a young person in Nigeria. Ireland Nigeria Population: 4, 749, 153 Population: 191, 835, 936 Size: 84, 421 km 2 Size: 923, 768 km 2 0. 9 on HDI scale (high human development) 0. 5 on HDI scale (low human development) Stage 4 of Demographic Transition Model Stage 2 of Demographic Transition Model

29. 2 Healthcare in Ireland Nigeria Life Chances The availability of healthcare considerably affects the life chances of a young person in every country around the world. Indicators (2017) Population Ireland Nigeria 4, 749, 153 191, 835, 936 Number of hospitals 45 15 Number of doctors per 1, 000 people 2. 7 0. 7 2, 500 Figure not available Infant mortality per 1, 000 (Male) 4 76 Infant mortality per 1, 000 (Female) 3 66. 2 Life expectancy (Male) 78 53 Life expectancy (Female) 82 57 Number of GPs in each country 29

29. 2 Healthcare in Ireland Nigeria Life Chances 29

29. 3 Education Opportunities in Ireland Nigeria Life Chances 29

29. 3 Education Opportunities in Ireland Nigeria Life Chances Barriers to education exist in both developed and developing countries. 29

29. 4 Gender Equality for Young People in Ireland Nigeria The gender equality levels for a young person can be measured using the indicators of: Education levels Employment opportunities According to the ‘Global Gender Gap Report 2016’, Ireland ranks sixth in the world (out of 144 countries) for gender equality. Nigeria is ranked 118 th. Life Chances 29

29. 5 Employment Opportunities in Ireland Nigeria Life Chances There is a link between education received and employment opportunities. The longer a young person remains in education, the more attractive to employers that person is when they enter the working world. Employment by Economic Activity Sector – Ireland, 2016 Employment by Economic Activity Sector – Nigeria, 2016 29

29. 5 Employment Opportunities in Ireland Nigeria Gender Inequality and Income Levels in Ireland Nigeria The average salary earned by males and females is an indicator of a country’s level of development. The greater the pay gap between the genders, the lower the level of development of the country. Comparing income levels between the genders in both Nigeria and Ireland shows clear discrimination in both countries. Life Chances 29

29. 5 Employment Opportunities in Ireland Nigeria Life Chances 29 Youth Unemployment in Ireland Nigeria Unemployment levels amongst Nigeria’s young people are another indicator of how life chances are affected by a country’s level of development.

Life Chances Video: Brazil as a Developing Country 29