Lieutenant Colonel Noma Martini ROTC Graduate UC Berkeley

Lieutenant Colonel Noma Martini ROTC Graduate UC Berkeley (1996) 18 Years of Service (Infantry / Aviator) UH-60 Blackhawk Pilot 2 x Deployments (Afghanistan / Iraq)

All men can see these tactics whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved. - Sun Tzu

Agenda • Center of Gravity Analysis • Army’s New Training Model – Outcome Based Training and Education • Operational Environment Discussion - NINIWA PROVINCE

Troop Leading Procedures • Small Unit Leader’s (Company Level and below) • Decision Making Process TLPs 1. Receive the Mission 2. Issue a Warning Order 3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Initiate Movement 5. Conduct Reconnaissance 6. Complete the Plan 7. Issue the Operations Order 8. Supervise and Refine METT-TC • MISSION • ENEMY • TROOPS • TERRAIN • TIME • CULTURE

Military Decision Making Process • Staff Process to Advise the Commander Battalion Level and Above • Unemotional Analysis and Decision Making The basic steps in the MDMP are: 1. Receipt of Mission 2. Mission Analysis 3. Course of action (COA) Development 4. COA Analysis (aka Wargaming) 5. COA Comparison 6. COA Approval 7. Orders Production

Center of Gravity Analysis to Develop a Strategy • Critical Capabilities • Critical Requirements • Critical Vulnerabilities What are our Nation’s CC, CR, CV? • Technology • Agriculture • Natural Resources • Values, Beliefs System

ENDs – Desired Outcome (Visualized, Defined and Described) WAYs – Method to Achieve the Desired Outcome. MEANs – Resources / Enablers to support the Method to Achieve the Desired Outcome Mobility (ENDs) + Vehicle (WAYs) + Fuel (MEANs)

Strategy = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS ENDS – Conquer Europe WAY – Mass Attack MEANS – Tank Warfare Critical Requirement – Factories Critical Vulnerabilities – Bearings

Strategy = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS ENDS / WAYS – Kill As Many Americans as Possible ENDS – Influence Public Opinion ENDS / WAYS – Send us Home in Boxes WAYS – IED MEANS – Financier MEANS – IED Material MEANS – IED emplacer MEANS – Detonation Device / Trigger

Strategy = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS ENDS – Attack America WAYS – Freedoms MEANS – Fear / Security ENDS – Assessment. Successful or Not? The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting. - Sun Tzu

Army’s New Training Model OBT&E

Definitions Tangible Adjective- Perceptible by touch. Noun- A thing that is perceptible by touch. Synonyms- palpable - concrete - touchable - real - tactile Intangible Adjective- Unable to be touched or grasped; not having physical presence: "cyberspace or anything else so intangible". Noun- An intangible thing. Synonyms- impalpable - untouchable

Desired Attributes in Subordinates Confidence Initiative Accountability Awareness Judgment Discipline Loyalty Adaptability Resiliency Compassion Mastery of Basic Skills Warrior Spirit Moral & Ethical Selfless Service Problem-solving Team Player Able to Manage Stress Retention Thinking Skills Motivated Decision Maker Fitness (Holistic) Competent Flexible Self-learner / Self-starter Understands the Situation Resolute Common (Good) Sense 13

Outcome-Based Training & Education (OBT&E) emphasizes the development of the individual based on operational expectations, both in regards to necessary tangible skills and desired intangible attributes, in an environment of relatedness, resulting in Soldiers and leaders who have learned to teach themselves, able to solve problems as individuals and teams within a framework of knowledge and principles, and have realize an increase in intangible attributes. In OBT&E, measures of effectiveness are utilized to evaluate the achievement of desired outcomes. OBT&E is oriented towards creating adaptive forces able to deal with the complex challenges of current and future combat, and civil and humanitarian operations described in FM 3 -0, Operations, and exist in support of the “what” defined in FM 7. 0, Training for Full Spectrum Operations and the “how to” defined in FM 7 -1, Battle Focused Training.

The overall goal of OBTE is to prepare Soldiers to function in tomorrow’s operational environment. To this end, Soldiers who have learned to teach themselves, to solve problems within a framework of knowledge, realize increased confidence, accountability, awareness, judgment and initiative. WHY 13 Years of constant war has created adaptive and dynamic leaders that can not be replicated in a peacetime environment.

Tenets or Doctrine of OBT&E: • Emphasizes training and education (together termed as development) as a leadership issue, i. e. effective mission accomplishment ultimately occurs from the development of subordinates • Emphasizes the creative nature of military operations • Emphasizes Commander’s Intent rooted in Purpose and Vision that facilitates Means (or Method) • Emphasizes Safety as an individual responsibility that enhances training and operations • Emphasizes the risk associated to future military operations when development does not occur • Emphasizes the Effective utilization (from a developmental perspective) of fixed resources • Emphasizes assessment, judgment, decision and execution at all levels of authority • Emphasizes the why over the must (219 instances of must in the current draft of FM 7. 0) • Emphasizes scenario-based experience of problem solving over exhaustive task list • Emphasizes training Tangible Skills as venues for Intangible Development • Emphasizes resources, good curriculum and aptitude/ability as enhancers, not requirements

Principles of OBT&E: Training to Grow Problem Solving: teach Soldiers to “learn for themselves” the skills necessary to the success of their mission, within an established framework of knowledge and principles Training to Increase Intangibles: develop intangible attributes like confidence, accountability, initiative, judgment and awareness; reinforce positive character traits Training to Increase Understanding and Awareness: teach through contextual understanding of the task and its mission application Training to Increase Deliberate Thought: condition Soldiers to exercise always a deliberate thought process (assessment, judgment and decision) while under controlled and increasing levels of stress Training to Improve Combat Performance: condition Soldiers to overcome the psychological and physiological effects, and the physical requirements of combat

Threshold Training for the Individual or Unit Threshold Training exists within a smaller scale of Order to Chaos that moves on a larger scale of Simplicity to Complexity. Idealized Realm of Training Targeted Realm of Individual Struggle Order Simplicity Negative Impact Destructive Impact Chaos Threshold of Failure Complexity Where an individual or unit trains on the smaller scale, determines whether the Threshold for Chaos (Failure) generally moves to the right on both scales, remains stagnate or rescinds, such that rightward movement advances the Margin for 18 Success (that which the individual or unit can affect) into higher levels of Complexity.

Operational Environment Niniwa Discussion

Key Players • Elected Iraqi Governor • Iraqi Army • Iraqi Police • Kurdish Police • Peshmerga Army • Peshmerga Security Force • PKK • US Special Forces • Other Gov’t Agencies • Non Gov’t Agencies • UN Inspectors • Christians • Shiites • Sunnis • US – Conventional Forces Issues • Kurdish Independence • Land Rights (water/oil) • Al Qaida Attacks (IA, IP, US) • PKK Attacks • Turkish Cross Border • Iraqi Elections • US Transition and Withdrawal

Lines of Effort (LOEs) or Lines of Operations (LOOs) Support Host Nation Government 1 Promote Rule of Law and Support Host Nation Security Forces (IA, IP, Pesh Army/Police) 2 Secure the Porous Borders with Syria, Turkey, and Iran (Isolate population from foreign insurgents) 3 Set the Conditions to Transition Security to 4 5 Security to Host Nation

Key Players • Elected Iraqi Governor • Iraqi Army • Iraqi Police • Kurdish Police • Peshmerga Army • Peshmerga Security Force • PKK • US Special Forces • Other Gov’t Agencies • Non Gov’t Agencies • UN Inspectors • Christians • Shiites • Sunnis • US – Conventional Forces Issues • Kurdish Independence • Land Rights (water/oil) • Al Qaida Attacks (IA, IP, US) • PKK Attacks • Turkish Cross Border • Iraqi Elections • US Transition and Withdrawal

STRATEGY = ENDS + WAYS + MEANS

Train, Teach, Coach and Mentor Creative Thinkers. Need Tomorrow’s Problems Solvers, Today! • 2, 3 year Scholarships • Active Duty and Part-Time Service Options • Immediate Job Placement Upon Graduating • Great Community of People to Work With. • Some Really Cool Jobs Opportunities