Lic Theol Ali Kulhia Rebuilding of City Mission

Lic. Theol Ali Kulhia: Re-building of City Mission of Tallinn in 1990´s City Missions have rarely been studied because they prefer to concentrate on social work instead of financing scientific research into their own work. n. City Missions do not usually stem from another City Mission. They have mainly had bilateral contacts. n NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

City Missions and Work in Eastern Europe during the Cold War n n n Before World War II there were several City Missions in Eastern Europe. Tallinn had Tallinna Linnamisjon (City Mission) working between 1920− 1940 Linnamisjon had several employees and houses for charity and missionary work. In Berlin there was one City Mission organization since the 9 th of March 1877, but it was forced to split up when DDR was founded in 1949− 1950 After the Collapse of The Berlin Wall those City Missions were united again. Chemnitz Stadtmission (Est. 1900) from Innere Mission organization. During the DDR Era its name was Innere Mission Karl Marx Stadt. Innere Mission was able to transport people from Northern Romania after Germany was reunited in 1990. Stadtmission Chemnitz e. V. was officially established on 5. 1. 1991. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Helping hands n n n Western churches and other charity organisations helped refugees to escape from Eastern Europe. the Hungarian Uprising awakened people to help (Stockholm City Mission, SSM) Baltic and East European refugees were a difficult issue in Sweden, because the Social Democrat government wanted to have good relationship with the Soviet Union. Bishop of Stockholm, Chairman of SSM Manfred Björkquist helped boat people from Baltic countries and criticised the government about deporting refugees to the Soviet Union. Prime Minister Tage Erlander and Foreign Minister Östen Undén were furious about that. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Helping meetings n n SSM also worked among Estonian child refugees. Most of those help channels worked within the church but as status, they were merely civil societies until the Lutheran World Federation started their work in 1947 The 1970 s were the era of the Détente. Berlin City Missions celebrated their Centennial on both sides of the Wall in March 1977 when there was also the European City Missions triennial Conference. Since the 1970 s several City Missions and a few similar organisations from Eastern Bloc have regularly sent delegations to City Mission conferences. Those Eastern representatives travelled homes with medicines, a lot of daily tools like rasps and other western things donated by Western City Mission workers. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

A New rise of non-profit organizations n n Due to the political changes that happened at the turn on the 1980 s and 90 s in Eastern Europe a lot of third sector (NGO /NPO) activities sprung up they are important parts of the so called civil society. Hungary and Estonia were the most active countries. that Neoliberal political agents have been trying to transfer some of the social welfare functions to voluntary associations and private enterprises using some international agents, who are directing humanitarian aid through NGOs instead GOs. [1] Tulva 1995, 99− 101; Tulva 2001, 13; Lagerspetz et al. 2002, 75 NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

NGOs/NPOs n n n Changes started to occur in 1988, which can be characterised by the restitution of the abolished NGOs and de sovietisation and modernisation of the existing ones. Lastekaitse Liit was re established on 2 nd October in 1988 in Viljandi. The first Estonian Association for Child Welfare was established on 28 th April in 1919 in Tallinn. The so called First Republic of Estonia had a social policy with attributes of the liberal and marginal social policy model. In that model, organisations, especially the third sector agencies, play an important role in putting social services into practice. [1] Tulva 1995, 35− 36, 81. n n Post soviet Estonia had devolution to the Neoliberalism Estonia was not economically ready for all those problems bubbling under in the early 1990 s. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

The Situation n The enormous 36− 42 % inflation and the drastic monetary policy ruined pensioners’ economy. Similarly, the economy of families with many children and the unemployed and their possibilities to improve their situation were very difficult. The costs of social security were only 10 % of Estonia’s GDP during the early 1990 s. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

NGO/NPO Wave n n n Humanitarian aid was also brought to Estonia through foreign NGOs channelling their support via local organisations and private individuals. This aid inspired locals to set up such agents Red Cross, The City Mission and child welfare organisations. Most of those are members of the umbrella organisation The Estonian Association of Non Profit Organizations and Foundations (founded in 1991). NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Birth of Kristlik Liit and Kristlik Ühendus n n n Several ministries from Catholic, Orthodox and Lutheran churches put an advertisement in Edasi newspaper on 31 st May 1988. They wanted to create some kind of Christian union or organisation for all Christians in Estonia. In the spring and summer of 1988 in several places around Estonia people decided to set up Christian groups for soon to be established Estonia wide Kristlik Liit (Christian Union) Those groups held their meeting in August 1988. The Union was established on 17 th December in the same year in Tallinn. Mr Avo Üprus wrote the Manifest of Eesti Kristlik Liit. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Birth of Kristlik Liit and Kristlik Ühendus cont. n n Next summer Eesti Kristlik Liit (EKL) was in a crisis because Rev. Hillar Hallaste and many others wanted to change EKL into a political Christian Democrat Party like the CDU in Germany. Next they founded and registered the political party Eesti Kristlik Demokraatlik Liit (EKDL). Mr Avo Üprus, one of the founders of EKL, wanted Liit to be a multifunctional organisation, where political action should only be one part of the bigger picture. So Mr Avo Üprus and his friends founded Eesti Kristlik Ühendus (EKÜ, Christian Society of Estonia). NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Eesti Kristlik Ühendus n n n EKÜ (Eesti Kristlik Ühendus) progressed to be notable social work agency in Tallinn. In 1992 there was either an EKÜ office or some other activity in Tallinn, Viljandi, Tartu, Harjumaa, Võru and Kohila. Mr Avo Üprus worked on networking with Finnish Lutheran Church and several Finnish Christian organisations, Estonian Lutheran Church, Amnesty International, and many other charities or social work organisations. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Finnish contacts n n n n The tourism from Finland to Estonia rose in the 1970 s. Rev. Antero Honkkila also started also to visit Estonia regularly. He met Rev. Jaan Kiivit Jr. and they became friends. Rev. Honkkila arranged many tourist tours from Ylöjärvi parish to Tallinn. They used to smuggle hymn books from the Estonian exile church in Sweden and writing materials from Finland to Estonian parishes. They had 2 6 activities every year between 1987− 1994. This period has been described as a time of individual contacts between church members (the 1980 1990 s). The 1990 s saw an enormous growth of Finnish friendship relations between both Ingrian and Estonian congregations. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Prisoners’ needs n n n n Mr Avo Üprus had been in jail when he was a young man. He became a Christian with the help of Rev. Harri Haamer. Üprus started to help prisoners as a volunteer while he worked as a dramaturge in the Tallinn Puppet Theatre ruled by Eesti Laste Fond Mr Üprus met Mrs Maia Reet Ehandi, another Estonian benefactor of prisoners, in a meeting arranged by The Writers’ Union in 4. 6. 1988. Mrs Ehandi had worked as a teacher in prisons, but she was fired because she also practised charity in prisons. That evening both of them were speakers talking about voluntary work in prisons. In 1989 Mrs Ehandi started to work in EKÜ as a social pedagogue in prisons. The Salvation Army in Finland invited Mr Üprus and Mrs Maia Reet Ehandi to their Training Centre in Särkijärvi, Finland. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Prisoners’ needs n n n (cont. ) In 1989 Mr Avo Üprus has founded Sotsiaale Rehabilitatsiooni Keskus (SRK) working with several other organisations like Eesti Lastefond (Foundation for Children in Estonia). He became one of the most remarkable social worker among offenders and victims in Estonia. Finnish Reverend Pekka Viirre worked in the Lutheran Church Council and was in charge for the Church's support to the offenders, and victims of crime. Rev. Viirre had proposed to Mr Mart Salumäe in 1990 that the Evangelic Lutheran Church of Estonia (EELK) should have own worker and work station for work with offenders. Mr Salumäe made that proposal to EELK Consistorium and soon they asked Mr Üprus to constitute EELK Kriminaaltöö Keskus Mr Üprus took that project and he was ordinated as Reverend in 1991 NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Seeking partners to help n n n The Parish Work Association in the Lutheran Church of Finland (SKSK) was interested in exploring Estonia and Latvia. Finnish City Mission leaders took part SKSK’s trips to those countries and they were seeking areas that needed help. They decided to set up the Union of Finnish City Missions (SKLL) to be a representative agent for collective foreign operations. The leader of Helsinki City Mission, former leader of Tampere City Mission Rev. Raimo Sinkkonen, and the current leader of Tampere City Mission (TKL), Rev. Juhani Ojutkangas and a member of Helsinki City Mission’s Board, Member of Parliament, LLM Eeva Liisa Moilanen had met Mrs Ehandi in Tallinn and Tartu Mrs Ehandi was working among young prisoners. SKLL leaders planned to make SKLL to be an international channel to deliver donations from City Missions World Association (CMWA) and other aid to Baltic Christians. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

There had been the City Mission in Tallinn! n n n Rev. Sinkkonen had been told about the former Tallinn City Mission (TLM) by former TKL leader Rev. Martti Järventie in 1960 s. Järventie had made a trip to Estonia in 1937 while TLM was still working. In SKLL, people discussed if they should start to support prison work in Estonia but that idea didn’t get enough backing. Next they started to decide whether EKÜ should be supported. Rev. Ojutkangas met Estonian Rev. , later Archbishop Jaan Kiivit Jr. because both of them were friends of Rev. Honkkila. In August 1991 Rev. Ojutkangas asked Rev. Kiivit about former Tallinn City Mission and discussed the idea to re establish it. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Planning to re-establish TLM n n n Next Rev. Ojutkangas made a field trip for a report on the situation in Estonia and a chance to start City Mission work in Tallinn. Rev. Kiivit had suggested that Mrs Maia Reet Ehandi should be an interpreter and a guide for Rev. Ojutkangas. Rev. Sinkkonen and Rev. Ojutkangas proposed to Mrs Ehandi that she should become the leader of the soon to be established Tallinna Linnamisjon. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

The International introduction n n Rev. Sinkkonen, on behalf of Tampere, Turku and Helsinki City Missions, invited Mrs Ehandi to speak at CMWA’s meeting in Birmingham in November 1991. Rev. Sinkkonen also arranged for Mrs Ehandi to travel to Birmingham. Rev. Ojutkangas negotiated with the Embassy of Great Britain, and Mrs Ehandi got visa from Embassy. She travelled from Finland to Great Britain with a special document instead of passport. In Birmingham Rev. Ojutkangas presented his report and slide show on the situation in Estonia and especially in Tallinn. Also Mrs Ehandi gave a very impressive speech written by herself and Mr Üprus. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Gothenburg 1992 n n n Göteborgs Kyrkliga Stadsmission (GKSM, Gothenburg City Mission) was in charge of setting up the Nordic City Mission Conference from 3 rd to 6 th April 1992. Bertil Axelsson, leader of the Linköping City Mission noted that Baltic States and their people had lot of connections with Nordic countries, and Nordic City Missions could support those people to build their own City Missions. Rev. Axelsson believed that personal contacts would ease the process. He made a proposal to GKSM to invite some representatives from the Baltic States to the conference. GKSM tried to send invitations to them but the letters never arrived to Tallinn. Helsinki City Mission had promised to pay travelling costs Soon Rev. Sinkkonen started to arrange Mrs Ehandi’s trip. It was too late to try to get visa to Sweden and Mrs Ehandi took visa to Finland travelled by ferry to Stockholm because officials didn’t usually ask ID’s of Nordic looking people NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Gothenburg 1992 In the Conference participants collected an offertory (1. 867 SEK+320 FIM) to Eesti Kristlik Ühendus via Mrs Maia( Reet) Ehandi. n It is possible that all forthcoming support from Nordic City Missions to Christian Charity work in Estonia should to channel to Kristlik Ühendus if Rev. Üprus had came to advertise especially Kristlik Ühendus. n NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Re-establishing Tallinna Linnamisjon n n Rev. Ojutkangas wanted the TLM to be established according to the law. Rev. Jaan Kiivit argued that the chairman of the TLM would have to be an ordained minister. Mrs. Ehandi and her friends tried to find an ordained minister for the post of the chairman. Finally they found Rev. Voldemar Ilja, who was willing to become a chairman. Rev. Ilja was a member of the board for a short time and helped the TLM as a preacher and arranged meeting rooms from the Pedagoogiline Instituut. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Re-establishing Tallinna Linnamisjon n n n Mrs Ehandi and her friends Mrs Merike Palm and Mr Helgi Papp found the original TLM rules from the State Archive. The establishing meeting of the Tallinna Linnamisjon was held on the 2 nd July, 1992 in Nómme Rahukirik. The main aim of TLM was to support EELK in Tallinn and evangelize those people who are not reached by the church and help people who are living in destitution. They wrote into rules that TLM is the juridical successor of that former TLM. Mrs Ehandi, Mrs Palm, Mr Papp and Rev. Voldemar Ilja signed the charter of foundation. It was approved and registered (N: o 01175196) on 23 rd of July, 1992 in Tallinna Linnavalitsus NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

The City Mission work n n The City Mission work started with the offertory money that received in Gothenbourg. TLM started to deliver clothes and the soup to the poors. They started to evangelize in the hall of the Pedagoogile Instituut. Speakers came from EELK, The Free Church and The Salvation Army. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Tallinna Linnamisjon in the action! NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

TLM is is helping an old, blind and poor man who can’t go outdoor NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Tallinna Linnamisjon-Kauplus Second Hand the Main Archive of TLM (!) NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Sources: Archives: n n n TLMA Archive of Tallinn City Mission, Tallinn, Estonia. GKSMA Archive of Gothenburg City Mission, Gothenburg, Sweden. CNLH SSM Archive of Stockholm City Mission in The Centre for Business History, Stockholm, Sweden TKLA Archive of Tampere City Mission, Tampere, Finland AH In the Rev. Antero Honkkila's possession AK In the Lic. Theol, Rev. Ali Kulhia’s possession NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Periodica: Arm 1992 n BREVET från Stadsmission 1956, 1957 n Eesti Kirik 1932 n SSMfvb Styrelsen Stockholms Stadsmission förvaltningsberättelse 1945− 1979 n Stadsmissionen. Organ för Göteborgs Kyrkliga Stadsmission 1992− 1993 n NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Interviews: n n n Ehandi, Maia-Reet, MA, Tallinn, Estonia, born 1945. Interviewed 30. 6. 2008. Honkkila, Antero, Rev. , Ylöjärvi, Finland, born 1941. Interviewed 30. 9. 2009. Ilja, Voldemar, Prof. , Tallinn, Estonia, born 1922. Interviewed by letter, answered 6. 1. 2009. Luhaäär Olander, Milvi, Rev. , Gothenburg, Sweden, born 1955. Interviewed 10. 11. 2008. Moilanen, Eeva-Liisa, LLM, ex MP, Helsinki, born 1943. Interviewed 8. 12. 2008. Ojutkangas, Juhani, Rev. , Hanoi, Vietnam, born 1944. Interviewed 30. 6. 2008. Saar, Paul, Rev. , Kohila, Estonia, born 1919. Interviewed 1. 10. 2009. Sinkkonen, Raimo, Rev. , Helsinki, born 1937. Interviewed 19. 11. 2008. Üprus, Avo, Rev. , Tallinn, born 1954. Interviewed 8. 10. 2009. Ylkänen, Tuomo, Captain of Salvation Army (Ret. ), Jyväskylä, Finland, born 1933. Interviewed 13. 10. 2009 All interviews are in AK NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

Web sites: n n n Chronik 2009 Chronik der Stadtmission Chemnitz < http: //www. stadtmission chemnitz. de/w. Deutsch/stadtmission/chronik. shtml? nav. Id =4> Checked 11. 10. 2009. Lastekaitse Liit 2009 Estonian Union of Child Welfare | Lastekaitse liit, What Does a Child Want: <http: //www. lastekaitseliit. ee/? id=13412> Checked 7. 10. 2009. Ylönen, Kaarina 2005 Ystävyyttä yli rajan. Luterilaista ystävyysseurakuntatoimintaa. Suomen ja Inkerin kirkkojen välillä. Kirkon tutkimuskeskuksen www julkaisuja 6. Tampere: Kirkon tutkimuskeskus. <http: //www. evl. fi/kkh/ktk/6_ylonen. pdf> Checked 7. 10. 2009. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

References: n n n Bexell, Oloph 2008 “Gud kan göra under också i Stockholm” − Manfred Björkquist. Visionär och kyrkoledare (Red. ) Vivi Ann Grönqvist. Skellefteå: Artos & Norma Bokförlag. Björkqvist, Stefan & Kylberg, Vivi & Stenberg, Elisabeth 2003 Vi ger inte upp. Boken om Stockholms Stadsmission från 1853 och framåt. Stockholm: Stockholms Stadsmission. CEI 2004 Churches and European Integration. Final Report. Coordinator Aila Lauha. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. Unprinted, also in internet: <http: //www. helsinki. fi/teol/tdk/pdf/opiskelu/Lait okset/khl/CEI_FINAL. pdf> Jarlert, Anders 2001 Sverige: Modernisering utan rättsuppgörelse. − Nordiske Folkekirker i opbrud. National identitet og international nyorientering efter 1945. (Red. ) Jens Holger Schjørring. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag. Kiis, Aino & Pihlak, Merle 2001 The Activities of Estonian Non governmental Organizations − the Case of Five State Wide Associations. − International summer school of social work − NGOs, socio political systems in different countries. (Ed. ) Pirjo Helppikangas. Lapin yliopiston yhteiskunta tieteellisiä julkaisuja C. Työpapereita 42. Rovaniemi: Lapin yliopisto. n n n n Kohonen, Yrjö 1953 Suomen evankelis luterilaisen kirkon seurakuntien ja papiston matrikkeli. Toim. Yrjö Kohonen et al. Helsinki: Suomen kirkon pappisliitto. Kopps, Bettina (Ed. ) 2002 125 Jahre Berliner Stadtmission. Berlin: Berliner Stadtmission. Krapu, Jenni 2009 E. G. Gulinin ekumeeninen työ ja ajattelu. SKHST 211. Diss. Helsinki: SKHS. Kulhia, Ali 2007 Ihmisen puolustaja. Tampereen Kaupunkilähetys 100 vuotta. Tampere: Tampereen Kaupunkilähetys. Kullerud, Dag 2005 Kirkens Bymisjon 150 år: respekt, omsorg, rettferd. Oslo: Aschehoug. Lagerspetz, Mikko & Rikmann, Erle & Ruutsoo, Rein 2002 The Structure and Resources of NGOs in Estonia. − Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2002. Malkavaara, Mikko 2002 Kahtia jakautuneet Baltian luterilaiset kirkot ja Luterilainen maailmanliitto 1944− 1963. SKHST 189. Helsinki: SKHS. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU

n n n n Ojala, Inge 2006 Sori, että mä olen olemassa. Hämeenlinna: Päivä Osakeyhtiö. Ryman, Björn 2001 Sverige: Från Europahjälp till internationell solidaritet. − Nordiske Folkekirker i opbrud. National identitet og international nyorientering efter 1945. (Red. ) Jens Holger Schjørring. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag. SRK 1999 Sotsiaalse Rehabilitatsiooni Keskus (1989– 1999): Kümme aastat arengut, toetust ja abi. Koostajad: Ester Liinak, Maris Sarv Kaasik, Raul Kaasik, Tiiu Aasmäe. Tallinn: Sotsiaale Rehabilitatsiooni Keskus. Simson, Thomas 2002 Direktorer samtalar. − Göteborgs Kyrkliga Stadsmission 50 år. (Ed. ) Elisabeth Sundblad Lestrup. Göteborg: Stiftelsen Göteborgs Kyrkliga Stadsmission. Sinkkonen, Raimo 1984 100 vuotta kaupunkilähetystyötä Tampereella. Tampere: Tampereen Kaupunkilähetys. Tulva, Taimi 1995 Viron sosiaalityön muotoutuminen murroskaudella. Acta Universitas Lapponiensis 8. Diss. Rovaniemi: Lapin yliopisto. 2001 Third sector in Estonia reality and perspectives. − International summer school of social work − NGOs, socio political systems in different countries. (Ed. ) Pirjo Helppikangas. Lapin yliopiston yhteiskuntatieteellisiä julkaisuja C. Työpapereita 42. Rovaniemi: Lapin yliopisto. Üprus, Avo 2000 Õigus halastusele. Eesti Kiriku kriminalitöö ja hingehoiu osa selles. EELK Usuteaduse Instituudi lõputöö, kaitstud 20. 9. 1999. Tallinn: EELK Kriminalitöö Keskus. NORDIC BALTIC SEMINARY FOR POST GRADUATED STUDENTS OF CHURCH HISTORY AND PRACTICAL THEOLOGY 22. − 24. 10. 2009 TARTU