Liberty Equality Fraternity The French Revolution Napoleon 1789

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity The French Revolution & Napoleon 1789 - 1815

Revolution • What is a revolution? • Why would you participate in or start a revolution? • What does “injustice” mean?

Chapter 6, Section 1 • Key Terms and People: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Old Order, King Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette, Versailles, First Estate, Second Estate, Third Estate, bourgeoisie, sans culottes • Guiding Questions: What caused the French Revolution? What happened during the first events of the Revolution? How did the French create a new nation? • Main Idea: Problems in French society led to a revolution, the formation of a new government, and the end of the.

Part 1: The French Revolution Begins

Old Order • Before the revolution the monarch, nobility, and clergy had unlimited wealth and power while most of the country suffers.

Louis XVI – Socially awkward but had a good heart. He often appeared unfeeling and gruff. – He was insecure and seems to have disliked being King of France. – When one of his ministers resigned, he was heard to remark, "Why can't I resign too? " http: //www. louis-xvii. com/louis 161. jpg

Marie Antoinette -Early on she was flighty and irresponsible. -She spent huge amounts on clothes, accessories, and parties. -Being Austrian, she was seen as an outsider, and was unpopular. http: //www. louis-xvii. com/marian 3. jpg

The French Royalty • The royal family lived in luxury at the Palace of Versailles.

Background to the Revolution • More violent & radical than the American Revolution • Major Cause: conditions of French society (inequality) • Population divided by Estates, orders of society.

Estates First Estate Second Estate Third Estate

The Three Estates • First estate=Clergy • 130, 000 people, owned 10% of the land, exempt from taxes • Taille (TAH yuh) or tax.

The Three Estates • Second estate Nobility-350, 000 people, owned 25 to 30% of the land. • Held positions in gov’t, military, law courts & church offices • Like the clergy, they were exempt from paying tailles or taxes. • Sought to keep their control over positions

The Three Estates • Third estate=commoners • 98% of the population, owned 35 to 40% of the land • ½ had little or no land on which to survive (Why is land ownership important? ) • 3 rd estate is a wide and varied group of people.

The Three Estates • Bourgeoisie=middle class 8% of population, owned 20 to 25 of the land. • Included merchants, bankers, industrialists, professional people, lawyers, holders of public offices, doctors and writers.

Other Causes of the Revolution • Social conditions • Near bankruptcy • Food shortages-rising prices of food and unemployment • Costly wars & court luxuries

Note Check • What caused the French Revolution?

From Estates-General to National Assembly: May 5, 1789 • Louis XVI met with Estates-General (the French Parliament) to raise new taxes. • Representatives from the 3 estates • 3 rd Estate wanted to abolish the tax exemptions. • One vote per estate so the 3 rd estate always gets out voted 2 to 1.

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From Estates-General to National Assembly: June 20, 1789 • 3 rd estate demanded that each deputy have one vote. • Louis says no and locks members of the 3 rd estate out of the meeting. • Third Estate gathers on a tennis court nearby and proclaims itself a National Assembly since they represent most of the nation of France. • Why is this moment so significant?

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Declaration of the Rights of Man • A new constitution, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, gave right to liberty, property, security & resistance to oppression (Enlightenment ideas AGAIN!) • Freedom & equal rights for all men, an end to exemption from taxation. • Olympe de Gouges penned the Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen

July 14, 1789 • On July 14, 1789 a mob of Parisians stormed the Bastille, an armory and prison in Paris and dismantled it brick by brick. • Widespread revolution, called the Great Fear spread throughout France.

The storming of the Bastille

Note Check • What happened during the first events of the Revolution?

The Destruction of the Old Regime • The National Assembly privileges of the nobles & clergy. • Church land seized, sold. • Officials are now to be voted in, and paid by state. • Catholicism=bad

The King Concedes • Louis refused legitimacy of the National Assembly’s. • Thousands of Parisian women marched to Versailles, and stormed the palace grounds. • The mob forced Louis and his family to return to Paris.

A New Constitution & New Fears • While Louis is captive a new constitution is written in 1791, set up a limited monarchy & Legislative Assembly which would make the laws. • Louis XVI attempted to flee France in June 1791. • He was captured and brought back to Paris. • The instability of France leads to warfare with other countries. Why?

Rise of the Paris Commune • Paris Commune (radical group) were upset changes were not happening fast enough. • They organized a mob on the royal palace, took the king captive, a forced another change of government called the National Convention led by members of the Paris Commune. • Members called themselves the sans-culottes, ordinary patriots without fine cloths.

The End of Constitutional Monarchy • The sans culottes looked for simple solutions, mostly resorting to violence. • The angry mob attacked Tuileries Palace and confronted the king without bloodshed on June 20, 1792. • On August 10, 1792, the mob attacked the Tuileries again. – The royal family attempted to flee, was caught and arrested. – The king's guards were killed and the King and his family are now in jail. • What is next?

Note Check • How did the French create a new nation?