LHCf Status Report Measurement of Photons and Neutral

LHCf Status Report Measurement of Photons and Neutral Pions in the Very Forward Region of LHC Frascati, CSN 1, 18 Settembre 2007 Oscar Adriani INFN Sezione di Firenze - Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 CSN 1 LHCf Status Report

Development of atmospheric showers Cosmic ray spectrum Tevatron LHC A 100 Pe. V fixed-target interaction with air has the cm energy of a pp collision at the LHC AUGER Correct simulation of interactions of primary cosmic rays with the atmosphere is essential to cosmic ray studies Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report The dominant contribution to the energy flux is in the very forward region ( 0) In this forward region the highest energy available measurements of p 0 cross section were done by UA 7 (E=1014 e. V, y= 5÷ 7) LHCf detectors will allow to understand model pp, (p. A, A’A) interactions giving rise to air-showers in the 1017 -18 e. V range. Oscar Adriani

LHCf location Detector I Tungsten Scintillator Scintillating fibers INTERACTION POINT IP 1 (ATLAS) 140 m Beam line Detector II Tungsten Scintillator Silicon mstrips 140 m Detectors will be installed in the TAN region, 140 m away from the Interaction Point 1, in front of luminosity monitors ûHere the beam pipe splits in 2 separate tubes. ûCharged particles are swept away by magnets!!! ûWe will cover up to y Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

We use LHC style electronics and readout Detector # 2 4 pairs of silicon microstrip layers (6, 10, 30, 42 r. l. ) for tracking purpose (X and Y) impact point 2 towers 24 cm long stacked on their edges and offset from one another Lower: 2. 5 cm x 2. 5 cm Upper: 3. 2 cm x 3. 2 cm < 400 mrad 16 scintillator layers (3 mm thick) Trigger and energy profile measurements Energy Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 Absorber 22 tungsten layers 7 mm thick 44 X 0 (1. 6 l. I) in total (W: X 0 = 3. 5 mm, RM = 9 mm) LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Performances of the LHCf Detector Measured at the SPS Beam Test in 2004 Sci. Fi Position Resolution Energy Resolution LHCf can measure (and provide to LHC) the center of neutral flux from the collisions Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report If the center of the neutral flux hits LHCf << 1 mm resolution Oscar Adriani

p 0 mass resolution 2 g identified in the 2 towers Arm #1 DE/E=5% 200 mm spatial resolution Dm/m = 5% Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Monte Carlo g ray energy spectrum (5% Energy resolution is taken into account) 106 generated LHC interactions 1 minute exposure @1029 cm-2 s-1 luminosity Discrimination between various models is feasible Quantitative discrimination with the help of a properly defined c 2 discriminating variable based on the spectrum shape (see TDR for details) Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Model dependence of neutron energy distribution Original n energy Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 30% energy resolution LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Both detectors are ready since April 2007 Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 CSN 1 LHCf Status Report

Front Counter (Both for Arm 1&2) read by a MAPMT R 7600 U-00 -M 4 Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Readout electronics LHC style electronics (Many thanks to CMS!!!!) DOH CCU PLL DCU … PACE 3 chips (CMS preshower) 100 Mbit Optical Link We have developed • Hybrid circuit (Left+Right) • Mother Board (Logic) • Adc Piggy Back board DAQ: Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report 100 Mbit/s optical link VME Readout Oscar Adriani

Final electronics for Arm 2 Power Board Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Mother Board + ADC boards Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

The readout boards in the electronics box Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Now the real installation in LHC… The idea is that installation takes place in 2 steps: Pre-installation Final installation In between the 2 installation the baking out of the beam pipe will be done (200 o. C), so the detectors should be removed Pre-Installation dates have been fixed in Fall 2006 – LSS 1 L (Arm 1) o 8/01/2007 to 26/01/2007 FINISHED! – LSS 1 R (Arm 2) o 23/04/2007 to 11/05/2007 FINISHED The dates for the final installation are still under discussion (Decision in Fall 2007) Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Arm 1 pre-installation Transport and insertion in the TAN Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Arm 2 pre-installation Explicit request from TS/LEA: Speed up the cabling connection time! Some work is in progress for this (Splitter box, Distribution board) Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 A ‘second pre-installation’ is foreseen in Autumn LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Readout and control scheme for Arm 2 Silicon ~ 240 m USA 15 TAN Arm 2 VME Crate Multimode Optical Fibers Monomode Optical Fibers DOH MB + ADC Control PC Thermistors TSC+FEC Power Signal + Control Thermistors Power Supply High Voltage High Current Cables Sense wires Splitter Box Distribution Board High Voltage Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

General LHCf DAQ scheme Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Rack Allocation in USA 15 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

What do we have to do? (Slide of June 2007) n n n n Final commissioning of the electronics (modifications to the logic, complete the PCBs, distribution board etc. ) Done Installation of the new splitter box in the tunnel Done Some work in USA 15 and TAN region to speed up the interconnection time Partly done Final DAQ software common with Japan people Well started Monitoring program Test beam with final apparatus (August 24, September 11) à Next part of the talk will focus on this item Second pre-installation to test the modifications done after the first pre-installation Final installation: schedule is under discussion (December? January 2008? ) Surely in 2008 Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

2007 Test Beam 3 weeks of Beam Test (24/08 – 11/09) n SPS H 4 n Main Objectives: n – Absolute energy calibration of Arm 1 & Arm 2 by using electrons with as many energy points as possible (50 Ge. V – 250 Ge. V) – Measurement of spatial resolution for Arm 2 – Energy resolution for protons – Direct identification of p 0 produced in light target – Test with detectors in final configuration (Power supply, DAQ, Control system etc. ) Agilent Low Voltage Power Supply……… Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

The experimental setup behind GOLIATH magnet Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Arm 2 Adamo tracking system Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Beam test: some general points… n n n 11 days Arm 2, 8 days Arm 1 > 106 events for Arm 2 Electrons: Hadrons: Muons: 50 Ge. V 100 Ge. V 150 Ge. V 200 Ge. V 350 Ge. V 200 Ge. V Common DAQ, between Silicon and Scintillator part – MIDAS based DAQ system (starting point for the final DAQ system) – DAQ rate was limited to 30 Hz by Adamo tracking system n n n Trigger from calorimeter towers has been tested Dedicated study to optimize the PACE 3 working condition (to increase the dynamic range) TDC was used to correct for the asynchrony between particles and 40 MHz clock Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Possible study of direct p 0 detection? Following the referee suggestion we tried to directly identify the p 0 produced by proton interaction in a light target g 350 Ge. V Proton beam Not in scale! g Carbon target (3 cm) in the slot used for beam monitor 9. 15 m Arm 1 >107 proton on target (special setting from the SPS people) Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Dedicated trigger on both towers of the calorimeter has been used n Main problems: n – low photon energy (≥ 20 Ge. V) – Direct protons in the towers – Multi hits in the same tower n 200 p 0 events should be triggered (in a quite big background) Challenging!!! Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Expected results for 35. 106 proton on target Simulated invariant mass No cuts and efficiencies applied Expected invariant mass by using estimated efficiencies and standard cuts Arm 1 280 events Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 Arm 2 540 events LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

p 0 Like Event Calorimeters Shower Profile @ First Sci. Fi Layer 40 mm Egamma=18 Ge. V X Y 20 mm Egamma=46 Ge. V X Y ~ 250 p 0 events acquired on disk Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Here few plots of the PRELIMINARY results……. … The test is finished last Tuesday…. All results are preliminary NO TDC correction! Only silicon info is considered Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

PACE 3 pedestals and sigma Pedestal X view Sigma y view Nominal Pace 3 parameters … Not so good… 1 2 3 4 Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

PACE 3 sigma after parameters tuning Low Gain G oo d ch an ne lu ni fo rm ity !!! !! High Gain Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

1 ‘d ef ec tiv e’ ch ip ha sb ee n re co ve re d! Pedestal for various PACE 3 parameters Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

200 Ge. V e- Ve ry cl ea rp ea ks !!! 50 Ge. V e- Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

200 Ge. V e- G oo d do ub le pa rt ic le id en tif ic at io n! 100 Ge. V e- Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

m 200 Ge. V W ec an se e. M IP ! (F irs tt im ew ith PA CE 3? ) Hadron 200 Ge. V Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Cl ea rs at ur at io n in H ig h G ai n 200 Ge. V e-: Many superimposed events Low Gain High Gain Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Energy correlation on the x-y layers Low Gain High Gain Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

100 Ge. V N o. T DC 50 Ge. V co rr ec tio n! !!! ! Total measured energy in silicon 200 Ge. V 150 Ge. V Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Spatial resolution n n n ADAMO tracking system is used to track particles towards ARM 2 ~ few mm spatial resolution for ADAMO The expected impact point on the ARM 2 silicon planes is evaluated Peak search is performed on the ARM 2 silicon data Lorentzian fit to reconstruct the impact point on ARM 2 Difference between ADAMO extrapolated point and ARM 2 reconstructed point is used as estimator of the ARM 2 spatial resolution Very preliminary results! – No optimal impact point reconstruction – No relative alignment between ADAMO and ARM 2 Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Spatial resolution for 200 Ge. V electron Y projection s~ 75 mm YAdamo – YArm 2 XAdamo – XArm 2 X projection s ~ 50 mm Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Spatial resolution vs Electron energy Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

LHCf proposed running scenario ü ü ü Phase-I ü Run since the very beginning of LHC operations (Stage 1, 43 bunches) ü Remove the detector for radiation issues when the luminosity reaches 1031 cm-2 s-1 Phase-II ü Re-install the detector at the next opportunity of low luminosity run (Totem dedicated runs? Possible LHCf dedicated runs? ) Phase-III ü Future extension for p-A, A-A run with upgraded detectors? We are continously in touch with Machine and ATLAS peoples to agree on detailed running and installation scenario We had a dedicated Meeting with Atlas Management (Peter Jenn, Per Grafstrom, Marzio Nessi, ZDC groups etc. ) at beginning of September Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

From Helmut Burkhardt LHCf Optimal Running Conditions Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Summary Detectors are ready n Pre-Installation completed n Very long test beam finished n Second pre-installation this year n Final installation next year n Waiting for LHC Beam!!!!! n Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Back up Slides Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 CSN 1 LHCf Status Report

Milestones dei preventivi 2008 – 01 -05 -2008 Installazione definitiva di Arm 1 e Arm 2 (se compatibile con la macchina) – 01 -08 -2008 Inizio presa dati (compatibilmente con il funzionamento della macchina) – 31 -12 -2008 (Milestone aggiuntiva) Risultati preliminari da calibrazione/allineamento (compatibilmente con il funzionamento della macchina) Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Detector #1 2 towers ~24 cm long stacked vertically with 5 mm gap Lower: 2 cm x 2 cm area Impact point (h) 4 pairs of scintillating fiber layers for tracking purpose (6, 10, 30, 42 r. l. ) Upper: 4 cm x 4 cm area Absorber 22 tungsten layers 7 mm thick 44 X 0 (1. 6 l. I) in total (W: X 0 = 3. 5 mm, RM = 9 mm) q < 300 mrad 16 scintillator layers (3 mm thick) Energy Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 Trigger and energy profile measurements LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Energy spectrum of π0 expected from different models (Typical energy resolution of g is 3 % at 1 Te. V) Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Clear CR signal separation (20 ADC by 2249 W ~ 5 p. C) Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

Installation of the detectors in the TAN absorbers at 140 m from IP 1 LHCf 96 mm Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

The LHCf operation in LHC Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 CSN 1 LHCf Status Report

Optimal LHCf run conditions Beam parameter Value # of bunches ≤ 43 Bunch separation > 2 msec Crossing angle 0 rad 140 mrad downward Luminosity per bunch < 2 x 1028 cm-2 s-1 Luminosity ≤ ~1030 cm-2 s-1 Bunch intensity 4 x 1010 ppb (b*=18 m) 1 x 1010 ppb (b*= 1 m) Beam parameters used for commissioning are good for LHCf!!! No radiation problem for 10 k. Gy by a “year” operation with this luminosity Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani

From R. Bailey presentation at January 2007 TAN workshop Optimal conditions for LHCf running! Stage 1 Frascati, 18 Settembre 2007 - CSN 1 LHCf Status Report Oscar Adriani