LHCb To Infinity and Beyond LHCb Upgrade Detector
LHCb: To Infinity and Beyond LHCb Upgrade: Detector Construction Status Longterm Plans Chris Parkes on behalf of the LHCb Collaboration Chris Parkes, ECFA HL-LHC Workshop, Aix-Les- Bains, October 2016 1
Niels Tuning Tuesday LHCb Physics Highlights • 730 authors, 70 Institutes, 334 submitted papers Bs μ+μ- Discovery Pentaquarks Discovery LHCb: PRL 110 (2013) 021801 LHCb & CMS: Nature 522 (2015) 68 PRL 115 (2015) 072001 PRL 117 (2016) 082002 FCNC B 0 K*0μ+μ-, P 5’, 3. 4σ Evidence CP Violation in Baryons NEW Submitted Nature Physics ar. Xiv: 1609. 05216 JHEP 02 (2016) 104 Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 2
LHCb Timeline • LHC Run-I (2010 -2013) • The results you know and love. Still more coming… • LHC Run-II (2015 -2018) • Trigger computing increased. First results presented… • LHC Run-III, Run-IV (2021 -2023, 2026 -2029) • Major ‘New’ Experiment: LHCb Upgrade I • LHC Run-V (2031 -) • Plans in discussion – See end of presentation 3
Physics Programme Limited by Detector But NOT Limited by LHC • Upgrade to extend Physics reach – Exploit advances in detector technology – Displaced Vertex Trigger, 40 MHz readout – Better utilise LHC capabilities • Upgrade I Collect >50 fb-1 data Upgrade I • HL-LHC not needed – L ~ 2 x 1033 cm-2 s-1 • But compatible With HL-LHC phase • Modest compared with existing accelerator infrastructure [core cost 57 MCHF, CERN/RRB 2014 -105] Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 4
Upgrade I – Beyond the Energy Frontier 50 today Integrated. . . fb-1 40 30 20 10 0 2015 2020 2025 • Hardware 1 st Level Trigger Fully Software Trigger • Increase Lumi to 2× 1033 cm-2 s-1 to collect 50 fb-1 • General purpose detector in forward region New Physics in Rare Decays New Physics in CP Violation New Physics in Charm Probe 100 Te. V for tree-level couplings Electroweak & QCD Physics Long Lived Stable Particle Dark 2016 Photon Searches Chris Parkes, Searches, Aix-les-Bains, October 5
Trigger Evolution – Upgrade I Mika Vesterinen Thursday • Flexibility of Fully Software Trigger Run II Upgrade I Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 6
LHCb Upgrade I • Letter Of Intent, 2011 • Framework Technical design Report 2012 • Subsystem TDRs, 2014 Computing TDR foreseen Q 1 2017 • Funding largely in place from end 2014 • Upgrade I under construction • Assumed ~ 10 years running Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 7
LHCb Upgrade I 25 ns readout, software only triggering VELO Pixel Detector Upstream Tracker Silicon strips RICH Photon Detectors & (partial) mechanics Tracker Scintillating Fibres Muon MWPC Off detector readout Calo PMTs (reduce PMT gain, replace R/O) Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 8
LHCb Upgrade I - Status • Construction project on milestone schedule • Prototypes exist for most major elements • Eric Thomas LHC / LHCb Interface Monday Engineering Design / Production Readiness Reviews being conducted • Some cases production well underway • Major industrial orders placed Chris Parkes, Bologna, September 2016 Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 9
LHCb Upgrade I: Vertex Kazu Akiba Tuesday Locator • Pixel Detector • • Prototoypes full readout chain 55× 55 μm pixels In vacuum ASIC (Velo. Pix) received in last weeks Sensor prototypes from two vendors PRR this month • 5 mm from beam Mechanical prototype module Prototype RF foil • 1016 neq/cm 2 • Retracted for filling • Bi-phase CO 2 cooling • Si Microchannel • Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 back-up: pipes in TPG/carbon fibre also under study 10
LHCb Upgrade I: Upstream Tracker • Silicon detector before magnet • Critical for tracking in trigger Peripheral electronics: EDR ✔ Kazu Akiba Tuesday Type A -190μm pitch Box: EDR ✔ Sensor pre-PRR ✔ ASIC (SALT) 8 channel version tested. Full-scale version received last month. Production Q 2 2017 Staves: bare stave PRR ✔ • Sensors: pre-PRR ✔ • SALT 128 • Hybrids • Flex cables ~70 cm Flex Cables PRR Nov 2016 Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 11
LHCb Upgrade I : Scintillating Fibre Tracker • Mat made from • 250μm diameter fibres • Si. PM readout • Mat production underway • 11, 000 km fibre ! • 1300 km received • Bumps in fibre within spec. • “debumping” procedure applied • Fibre positions in spec. • Cold box for Si. PM EDR ✔ Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 12
LHCb Upgrade I : RICH 1&2 • π/K separation critical to physics • Ma. PMT pre-series received and qualified • mass production to start Rings in testbeam Mechanics EDR ✔ Large PMT Flat mirror reflectivity prototype exceeds spec. 4 x EC ASIC (CLARO) PRR Radiation qualified ✔ Elementary Cell PRR ✔ Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 Digital Board EDR ✔ 13
LHCb Upgrade I : Calorimeters • 1 st level hardware trigger role removed • …but intriguing hints of Lepton non-universality (also physics with π0, radiative decays) further emphasize need for good ECAL ASIC (ICECAL) extensively tested – including radiation PRR in October Prototype FE board +HV / Calibration produced and tested • Reduce gain by factor five, compensate in FE elec. • Planning for initial layer (SPD/PS) dismantling (not needed in trigger) Innermost Cell replacement not needed till LS 3 14
LHCb Upgrade I : Muon • New off-detector readout for 40 MHz • Additional shielding New Off Detector electronics ASIC (n. Sync) under test FE control & test board (n. SB) prototype produced not needed in trigger High speed backplane design & tests MWPC spares production almost complete Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 15
LHCb Upgrade I : Online & Computing ~10000 Mika Vesterinen Thursday Common DAQ, ECS, TFC board for all detectors (PCIE 40) 2 nd prototype received ~500 Firmware developed Data centre location under discussion ~1000 -4000 • Computing TDR Q 1 2017 • Pioneering using reconstruction in trigger in Run 2 to reduce event size (online calibration “turbo” stream) 16
LHC Schedule & LHCb Run 2 LHC PHASE I LHCb Upgrade 1+ LHC PHASE II (HL-LHC) LHCb Upgrade II ? • • LHCb Upgrade I in LS 2 GPD upgrades phase II in LS 3 HL-LHC upgrade in LS 3 Belle II finishes ~ 2025 Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 17
LS 3 – Consolidation & Modest Enhancements • LS 3: 2½ year shutdown in middle of LHCb Upgrade I operations – Consolidate upgrade experiment • Same luminosity operation – Enhance physics programme • Modest detector improvements • Pathways to Phase II? – Financial/ personnel resources limited Same timescale: Upgrade Phase II Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 Not many new toys 18
LHCb Phase II – Major new Upgrade ? “Formal approval of High luminosity LHC…secures CERN’s future until 2035”, Fabiola Gianotti, June 2016 Flavour Physics Future Target Luminosity: > 300 fb-1, > 2× 1034 cm-2 s-1 HL-LHC experiment: ~50 events/interaction pile-up • Physics case dreams σ(R)/R < 10% Rare decays: CPV: ϕs reach SM level (4 mrads), Charm: discover indirect CPV Towards SM Higgs to cc ? LHCb-CONF-2016 -006 • LHC capabilities, promising preliminary studies – LHCb > 50 fb-1/yr without adversely affecting ATLAS/CMS With many thanks to R. de Maria, G. Arduini and colleagues • Detector feasibility – Large pile-up. Adding timing information may be key. Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 19
LHCb Phase II – Major new Upgrade ? “Formal approval of High luminosity LHC…secures CERN’s future until 2035”, Fabiola Gianotti, June 2016 Flavour Physics Future Target Luminosity: > 300 fb-1, > 2× 1034 cm-2 s-1 HL-LHC experiment: ~50 events/interaction pile-up • Physics case dreams σ(R)/R < 10% Rare decays: CPV: ϕs reach SM level (4 mrads), Charm: discover indirect CPV Towards SM Higgs to cc ? LHCb-CONF-2016 -006 • LHC capabilities, promising preliminary studies – LHCb > 50 fb-1/yr without adversely affecting ATLAS/CMS • Detector feasibility – Large pile-up. Adding timing information may be key. Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 20
LHCb Statistics- Timeline LHCb Upgrade I LHCb 300 LHCb Upgrade II 250 Integrated Luminosity fb-1 200 150 100 50 0 2015 2020 2025 Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 2030 2035 21
LHCb Statistics- Timeline Run I equivalent fb-1 LHCb Upgrade I LHCb 600 500 LHCb Upgrade II Integrated Luminosity 400 Cross-section adjusted 300 200 100 0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 • Adjustment for 7/8/13/14 Te. V cross-sections Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 22
Run I equivalent fb-1 LHCb Statistics- Timeline 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 LHCb Upgrade II Integrated Luminosity Cross-section adjusted Trigger adjusted (hadronic) 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 • Indicative of potential only • Assumptions made on relative trigger efficiencies have significant uncertainty Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 23
Summary • 2021: LHCb Upgrade I construction on track • Many EDRs/PRRs taken place • Crucial productions starting (Sci. Fi, ASICS, RICH mechanics) • First large production items delivered (Ma. PMTs, fibres) • Internal Upgrade comprehensive review early 2017 • Review critical aspects • Installation preparation Under discussion: • 2025: LS 3 plans • consolidation & modest enhancement • 2030: Phase II Upgrade • HL-LHCb experiment Chris Parkes, Aix-les-Bains, October 2016 24
Backup 25
Phase 1(b) Upgrade Ideas • Improving the muon shielding by replacing HCAL with iron • Building new, high rate, muon chambers for busy regions • Replacing central region of RICH 1 photodetector plane with new high granularity Si. PMs • Replacing inner Sci. Fi modules with Sci. Fi/ silicon • Adding side chambers in magnet • TORCH for fast-timing and PID purposes • Replacing some of ECAL with high performant technology 26
Phase 1(b) – Magnet Side Stations • Improve tracking acceptance for low momentum particles • Install tracking stations on the dipole magnet internal sides e. g. D*+ D πs+, 40% extra slow pions 27
Phase 1(b) – E’magnetic Calorimeter • Inner ECAL replacement required due to radiation damage – Partial replacement only • Strong Physics Interest: γ, π0, e • Improve performance with new technologies ? • Improve energy/position resolution – Reduced Moliere radius, cell granularity 28
Phase II Physics Case - ask the analysts…. V. Vagnoni, Theatre of Dreams, April 2016 29
Phase II Physics Case - ask the analysts…. Everything we currently do and a few more for good measure Phase II towards SM sensitivity for H cc? Dark photon A’ μμ best sensitivity 30
Phase II Physics: Very Rare Decays Examples I un - Next Target: R C H t. L +μ μ a d e B s erv s ob < 10% for Phase II 300 fb-1 2400 Bs and 240 B 0 Effective lifetime ~ 2% Test for CPV • CLFV decays – strong interest: Neutrino mass linked to SM Higgs ? • τ μμμ: a classic e+e- B-factory mode un R t ch a I r τ ea s : μ μμ • Phase II LHCb precision comparable with Belle II ~ O(10 -9) • Future Charm Rare Decays: see M. Fontana • e. g. D 0 l+l-, D(s)+ h+l+l-, D 0 h+h-l+lwith l+= μ+ and e+ 31
Phase II CPV B-sector: Examples • Time dependent measurements – more difficult in high pile-up environment • Tree level determination of γ • Phase II: 0. 1 o uncertainty in reach ! n om C γ tio a n i un R t a I b • ϕs in b ccs (Bs J/ψ X…) • Phase II: 4 mrad • SM level ! • ϕs in b sss (Bs ϕϕ) • Phase II: 7 mrad 32
Phase II Physics: Charm mixing & CPV Negatives: Lower momentum, shorter lifetime than B-sector Positives: y, AΓ, ΔACP – no limiting systematics yet known Millions • • 40000 2014 2019 2024 2029 2034 30000 D to Kπ tagged 20000 10000 0 • ~30 MHz of charm events produced in acceptance! Observe SM level CPV at LHCb Phase II Upgrade Chris Parkes, Bologna, September 2016 33
Accelerator: Can LHCb Phase II run ? Preliminary • LHCb collect > 50 fb-1 per year without affecting ATLAS/CMS • LHCb IP not designed for HL-LHC experiment • Inner Triplet quadropole need to be replaced at ~300 fb-1 • Probably prohibitively expensive • LHC side impressive studies on • additional requirements • No showstoppers ! 34
Phase II: VELO • Radiation Damage – Dose at 1017 1 Me. V neq / cm 2 level for full lifetime – Replace / increase inner radius • Pile-up – Mismatch b/c decays to wrong PV – 4 D: Timing at 200 ps level required Phase II with timing 35
Phase II Particle Identification: RICH • Granularity • Phase II RICH I peak occupancies would exceed 100% • Increase pixel granularity 7 mm 2 1 mm 2 • Time resolution • Disentangle busy events • Use B-field insensitive photodetectors • Si. PM or MCP • Concepts for improving • Optical and chromatic uncertainty • Equip central region for Phase 1(b) ? 36
Phase I LHCb Trigger: the key to higher Lumi • Aim: Increase integrated luminosity from 2 fb-1 to 5 fb-1 per year Increase instantaneous luminosity to 2 x 1033 cm-2 s-1 Current First Trigger Level: Hardware Muon/ECAL/HCAL 1. 1 MHz readout Performance: Muon channels scale Hadronic channels saturate bandwidth • No gain in hadronic channels with current trigger 37
Solution: Upgrade to 40 MHz readout • Read out full detector at 40 MHz • Major detector changes • Front-end electronics must change • Use fully software trigger • Increased flexibility • Maintain (improve) current detector performance • At increased multiple Interactions – Occupancies – Radiation damage 38
Physics Performance Assumptions • Run-2 • Cross-section increases linearly with √s • Non-muon trigger efficiency suffers from tighter thresholds, but benefits from increased trigger eff. • 1. 75 fb-1 per full year, ~5 fb-1 in total for run II • Upgrade Phase I • • Removal of hardware trigger brings factor 2 efficiency boost for non-muon triggered events 5 fb-1 per year • Upgrade Phase II • • Same trigger eff. as upgrade (an upper limit? ) 50 fb-1 per year 39
Sources of Charm Prompt charm Run I D Kπ: 100 M Offline selected D* tagged Semileptonic Bhadron decays Run I D Kπ: 20 M Offline selected D* tagged Hadronic B decays Not only useful to measure CKM γ Also revealed first spin-3 charm state → LHCb collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 162001 40
Physics Coverage / Limitations • Inclusive charm trigger selections are not feasible • Upgrade I will produce 800 k. Hz of analysable charm-hadron events • 80 GB/s with current data format – hence turbo stream approach • can keep 2 -10 GB/s for ALL LHCb physics • Have to decide in advance what to keep • • Cabibbo favoured modes prescaled ? Purely exclusive selection – trigger is offline selection • Limits of physics programme not yet reached • • Use of neutrals understanding production/detection asymmetries 2 yrs LHCb Run 1= 80 yrs B factory v 1 Charm 41
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