LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Level1 Trigger Update

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Level-1 Trigger Update Wesley Smith, U. Wisconsin Project Management Group March 25, 2015 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 1

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Muon Trigger Transition § Install fully parallel and higher bandwidth optical path for CSC New system Old system Cavern § New CSC Muon Port Cards mezzanine cards installed in cavern during LS 1 o Prerequisite done by Operations Program § Alleviates bottleneck & sends all segments from each CSC (robustness to PU and collimated signals) Counting Room § Build up new Track Finder in 2015 and commission in parallel, ready by 2016 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 2

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project EMU Trigger Upgrade Muon Port Card Mezzanine* (Rice) *M&S on FY 13 Ops. Prog. MPC-EMUTF Optical Fibers* (Rice) Endcap Muon Track-Finder (U. Florida) Sector Processors (MP 7) μTCA: Advanced Mezzanine Cards from Telecommunications Computing Architecture (commercial telecommunications hardware) 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith VME Muon Sorter Clock & Control Counting Room Clock&Control Data Mother. Board Trigger Mother. Board Cavern MTF 7 EMUTF Infrastructure (U. Florida) PMG: Trigger Update Muon Sorter (Rice) 3

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Muon Port Card (Ops) (Rice - M&S on Operations Program) (60 needed + 15 spares + 5 test setups = 80) § Use the existing MPC main board § Backplane interface to TMB remains unchanged x 60 + 20 spares § 3 original optical links are still available § New mezzanine card with new FPGA and new links § Production done, tested, installed 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 4

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project EMUTF: Hardware Layout Optical Patch Panel MTF 7 μTCA Board MPC Mezzanine Upgrade 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 5

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project EMUTF Hardware Counts § Require three μTCA chasses to process 12 sectors + sort output Chassis #1 SP SP SP § Muon Sorter also built on MTF 7, 1 unit in system Chassis #2 SP SP § MTF 7 occupies 2 μTCA slots, § 12 units in system, each covers 60 o sector § use Boston U AMC 13 for clocking and DAQ SP SP SP § Re-route and split optical signals using 12 passive optical patch panels Chassis #3 SP SP M S 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 6

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project EMU Track-Finder (U. Florida) § Muon Track Finder card: MTF 7 § 13 needed + 4 spares + 3 test setups = 20 §Optimized for maximum input from muon detectors (84 input links, 28 output links) §Dual card w/large capacity for RAM (~1 GB) to be used for p. T assignment in track finding Back: Core FPGA card ⇒ ⇐ Front: Optics card • Development and testing complete, production started 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 7

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project MTF 7 Hardware Prototypes @ CERN Base Board [p. T LUT mezzanine not shown] Optical Board Pass-through Backplane Board Details of board hardware in supporting slides 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 8

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project HW Prototypes: Testing @ Pt 5 § Installed equipment: § Two μTCA chassis, MCH in each § One complete MTF 7 kit [Base board + Optical board] § One AMC 13 § Control computer § PCIe connection to both chassis § One EMU sector optical patch panel § Status: § AMC 13 clocking: OK § PCIe access: OK § MPC link tests: o PRBS using IBERT o Both Endcaps – no errors o Signals going via 2 -way and 4 -way splitters § Confident in our ability operate the old trigger path with the new MPC mezzanine § Upgraded MPCs have participated in global runs since the last week of October, and in the extended cosmic run § Fulfilled “Do No Harm” Principle 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 9

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Hardware Production Status § MPC Mezzanine Upgrade: § 85 upgraded MPC mezzanines have been built and tested at Rice in the summer of 2014 § 73 Upgraded MPCs are at CERN - 60 MPCs installed at P 5, 13 spares § MTF 7 Base Board: § 12 base PCBs received, 24 more coming soon § Initial 4 MTF 7 base boards submitted for assembly, coming back next week § Full quantity assembly after tests: 20 boards will contain FPGAs, the other 16 without FPGAs at this time § MTF 7 Optical Board: § 36 boards received from production § 4 pcs initial assembly sent out [Mar 11 th], coming back next week § Full quantity assembly after tests § p. T LUT module § Production prototype under tests § Read latency reduced as expected (2 BX instead of 6 BX in first prototype) § Firmware under development now 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 10

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Commissioning Status § Readout of trigger primitives from MPCs: § § Using simplified logic for now One spy buffer Records 7 BXs on each L 1 A Once spy buffer full, stop recording, read out § Start recording again § Trigger primitives decoded on the fly in test software § Valid primitives dumped into text file § Example of trigger primitive dump of cosmic muons: l 1 a: 0049 e: 023 m: 1 f: 5 hs: 076 wg: 004 q: 14 p: 09 lr: 1 l 1 a: 0053 e: 093 m: 4 f: 7 hs: 083 wg: 029 q: 13 p: 07 lr: 1 l 1 a: 0063 e: 072 m: 3 f: 3 hs: 048 wg: 061 q: 15 p: 10 lr: 0 l 1 a: 0070 e: 030 m: 3 f: 2 hs: 138 wg: 051 q: 15 p: 10 lr: 0 e: 030 m: 3 f: 2 hs: 084 wg: 049 q: 14 p: 08 lr: 0 l 1 a: 007 a e: 100 m: 3 f: 3 hs: 011 wg: 060 q: 12 p: 04 lr: 0 l 1 a: 007 b e: 107 m: 4 f: 2 hs: 015 wg: 021 q: 11 p: 02 lr: 0 l 1 a: 0086 e: 051 m: 4 f: 7 hs: 126 wg: 051 q: 11 p: 03 lr: 1 l 1 a: 0090 e: 121 m: 3 f: 5 hs: 098 wg: 060 q: 14 p: 08 lr: 0 l 1 a: 0096 e: 030 m: 3 f: 6 hs: 141 wg: 055 q: 14 p: 08 lr: 0 l 1 a: 009 b e: 065 m: 2 f: 7 hs: 084 wg: 031 q: 12 p: 04 lr: 0 l 1 a: 00 a 0 e: 093 m: 4 f: 0 hs: 032 wg: 007 q: 14 p: 08 lr: 0 l 1 a: 00 a 6 e: 002 m: 4 f: 7 hs: 060 wg: 017 q: 11 p: 02 lr: 0 l 1 a: 00 ad e: 051 m: 4 f: 4 hs: 026 wg: 038 q: 12 p: 04 lr: 0 e: 051 m: 4 f: 4 hs: 026 wg: 035 q: 12 p: 04 lr: 0 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 11

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Algorithms § Preliminary results, double-checking § Will be used to generate “low luminosity” version of LUT 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 12

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Offline Software [Emulators] § Bitwise emulator(s): § Signal emulation generated from Verilog source § Human-written code following algorithm specification § Compare HW vs Signal Emulation: HW is executing FW correctly § Compare HW/Signal Emulation vs Human-written: FW is doing what we think it is doing § Human-written emulator implemented in CMSSW [development branch] § Emulator updated to have option for 30 bit p. T LUT § Implementation currently in Git. Hub assumes full precision values using at most 6 input parameters for each mode § Including configuration parameter to select corridors § These new features are undergoing debugging § Expect to have code to generate corresponding binary files soon 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 13

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Firmware Status § MTF 7 hardware is different from CSCTF § New firmware needed for MTF 7 [similar components] § Loading 1 GB of memory content via PCI express § New track finding algorithms better suited for occupancies of up to 18 hits per station, more robust against collimated muons § Reading LUT memory content 4 x per LHC clock cycle § Post-LUT corrections (“tail clipping”) only has SW implementation § Possibility of MVA evaluation – studying resource optimization § Design, definition, monitoring of spy buffers § Importing and inclusion of RPC hits in track finding / p. T assignment § Readiness: § taking cosmic runs with one sector § with final p. T LUT firmware [6 BX → 2 BX latency] will have full data processing chain, will be ready to produce L 1 muon objects 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 14

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Online Software § Data format + Packer / Unpacker: § 1 st version exists, awaiting integration § Run Control Framework: § 0 th version exists: no-op hooks based on legacy endcap trigger run control framework § Online SW development is currently under-manned § Have support from USCMS to hire SW expert for this task § Hiring online SW expert was delayed [various issues] § Rebooting search with high priority 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 15

Calo. Trigger Upgrade in Parallel: Split inputs from ECAL and HCAL Current L 1 Trigger System 2015: ECAL, Legacy RCT & associated Cal. Trigger Cards* HCAL Energy (HTR) US ECAL Energy (TCC) 2016: HCAL u. HTR & assoc. Cal. Trigger Cards HF Energy (μHTR) Regional Calo Trigger EM candidates UK HCAL Optical Splitters HCAL Energy (μHTR) Layer 1 Calo Trigger US Layer 2 Calo Trigger (Object Finding) UK (Cluster Finding) Region energies o. SLB o. RM Global Calo Trigger Upgrade L 1 Trigger System LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project § ECAL: optical Serial Link Board (OSLB) and optical Receiver Mezzanines (o. RM) connect to Present and Upgrade Calorimeter Trigger (*Details of evolution in breakout). o All installed and operating in CMS Global Runs § HCAL: optical splitters drive both HTRs and μHTRs 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 16

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Upgrade Calorimeter Trigger Layer 1 and 2 Hardware US: (Cluster Finding) UK: Vienna: 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith (Object Finding) PMG: Trigger Update 17

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Stage-1 Upgrade in 2015 (ops) RCT 0 RCT 1 RCT 2 … o. RSC 0 o. RSC 1 o. RSC 2 … Layer-1 RCT 17 Existing RCT 18 crates o. RSC 17 18 o. RSCs (new) USCMS Layer-2 MP 7 (new) Algorithm Card(s) (1 -3) Imperial HW + Core FW/SW USCMS Algorithm FW/SW CTP 7 (new) Single Readout Card In Situ RCT Test / Monitor USCMS HW/FW/SW Global Trigger (existing) GT Inputs remain unchanged DAQ – AMC 13 (new) 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 18

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project o. RSC Installation and Commissioning Optical Regional Summary Cards are attached to each RCT Jet Summary Card in the RCT racks and converts JSC output to optical fibers 18 cards (1 per/RCT crate). Each card outputs: 3 copies of 2 fibers at 10 Gbps 1 -3 MP 7 s 1 copy of 2 fibers at 10 Gbps 1 CTP 7 1 copy at 2 Gbps legacy GCT Preliminary connection/BERT tests in May 2014 Final production completed summer 2014 Installation at CERN September 2014 Exercised regularly and reliably for the last six months All 18 o. RSCs mounted on RCT crates o. RSC production board – U. Wisconsin 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 19

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Stage 1 Algorithm Firmware architecture “GCT in a chip” – J. Berryhill, FNAL team 18 10 -Gbps optical fibers of RCT regions, egammas, feature bits Products for GT and DAQ Pipelined processing at 80 MHz with latency 10. 5 bx 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 20

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Stage 1 Algorithm Firmware architecture “GCT in a chip” - FNAL All algorithm features implemented All features bit-level emulated All features board-tested 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 21

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Stage 1 trigger commissioning – FNAL, MIT, Rice Remaining Hardware work: • Synchronization with ECAL and DAQ link commissioning in progress (w/Wisc. ) Commissioning and validation: • MC patterns sent to RCT are sent through o. RSC MP 7 and compared with emulator • All objects have been bit-level validated with several types of MC samples • Now proceeding to more elaborate and automated pattern tests • Bit-level emulator performance validated against older emulator version for trigger menu development the FW will deliver the expected physics performance 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 22

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Stage-1 Online software development Online software has all components (RCT, o. RSC, MP 7) communicating with trigger supervisor for pattern testing, configuration and debugging, with appropriate GUI functionality. To do: DAQ functions Automated config of MP 7 via IPBUS through a Global Tag in a DB Further online monitoring features 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 23

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Stage-2 Upgrade in 2016+ CTP+0 CTP+1 CTP+2 … CTP– 0 CTP– 1 CTP– 2 … Layer-1 CTP+17 18 CTP 7 s +h CTP– 17 18 CTP 7 s –h USCMS DAQ – AMC 13 Layer-2 MP 7 Algorithm Card(s) (10+2) Imperial HW + FW/SW USCMS Algorithm FW/SW Full flexibility for traditional or time-multiplexed architecture Highest precision location of objects with dynamic clustering m. TCA Global Trigger DAQ – AMC 13 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 24

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project CTP 7 Card Reminder – U. Wisconsin § CTP 7 Goals for Cal Trig Layer 1 § Provide needed interconnect flexibility for all proposed architectures and link speeds § Maximize the power available to the Virtex-7 690 T FPGA for trigger data processing § Exploit latest-available technologies § First two units delivered in Dec, 2013 § Excellent results in checkout § Full Production Complete Mar ‘ 15, 2015 § Excellent checkout results continued o 24 total CTP 7 s shipped to CERN § True Triple-Link-Rate, Multi-Clock-Domain Card o 6. 4 and 4. 8 Sync Rx, 10 G Async Tx in same MGT quad 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 25

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Production CTP 7 s CTP 7 Without CXPs + heatsinks ← Front Back→ CTP 7 s ← in Stage 2 Rack 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 26

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project CTP 7 Builds Build Number Time Frame Series Scheduled (PCB Rev) Qty Reject/ Fail Yield Qty Q 4/2013 Falcon (A) 2 0 2 2 Q 2 -Q 3/ 2014 Raven (B) 6 0 6 3 Q 1/2015 Eagle (C) 8 0 8 4 Q 1 -Q 2/ 2015 40 0† 1 †Incremental Eagle (C) result on build currently in-process 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 27

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project CTP 7 Production Steps (6) 1. Solder Reflow (outside task at contract manufacturer) 2. Incoming Inspection/Ohmmeter Test • Check resistances on power rails and critical nets • Assign barcode at completion 3. Initial Mechanical Assembly • Install CXP Sockets, LED light pipes, JTAG mezzanine, front panel 4. Power On Test Suite • Program JTAG CPLD, MMC Microcontroller • Boot card in µTCA crate—verify IPMI functionality, DC supply rails, ZYNQ booting, Ethernet connectivity, V 7 load capability 5. Final Mechanical Assembly • Install heat sink, optical modules, PRIZM assembly, heat sink cover 6. Functional Test Suite • Test MGT Links, AXI bridge, QDR memory, clock logic, ancillary I/O 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 28

CTP 7 Build 4 Status LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project (As of 17 -MAR-2015) 40 40 Initial Assembly Power-On Suite Final Assembly Functional Suite 20 28 Ohmmeter Test 30 Solder Reflow Units Completed Through Process Step 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 Process Step 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 29

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project CTP 7 Cards at CERN § Cards at CERN from Builds 1 -3: 12 § Completed Shipments from Build 4: § Shipment #1: 6 Units § Shipment #2: 6 Units § Scheduled Shipments: § Shipment #3: 7 Units § Shipment #4: 7 Units § Estimate all shipments at CERN on/before 2 nd Week of April, 2015 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 30

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Layer 1 Installation (S 2 E 10) 48 V Power Panel o. RSC 10 G Patch Panels 9× ECAL/H F CTP Crate #1 Fiber Feed-Thru 48 V Power Panel 96 LC to 8 MPO 12 Patch Panel CTP Crate #2 9× ECAL/H F Fiber Feed-Thru 96 LC to 8 MPO 12 Patch Panel 48 V Power Panel CTP Crate #3 2 × 7 k. W@48 V Power Chassis S 2 E 10 Back Side 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith S 2 E 10 Front Side § ECAL/HF Fibers enter back side of rack as individual LC connections § 3 U Optical Feed-thru panels pass MPO 12 fibers internally through rack to front side § Rx connections made to CTP 7 cards as in-line MPO 12 -MPO 12 connections on front side § 3 CTP 7 u. TCA Crates, each covering 120° of φ and all of η § 1 U Power Panel delivers 48 V from existing RCT internal power supplies to crate Power Modules PMG: Trigger Update 31

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project CTP 7 Crate Installation at CERN § All 4 Final CTP 7 Crates installed and operating § 1 for Stage 1 (rack 9) § 3 for Stage 2 (rack 10) Stg. 2 Stg. 1 o. RSC Stg. 2 Stage 2 Legacy RCT x 9 o. RSC Stg. 2 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 32

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project CTP 7 2016 Trigger Firmware – I § Functionality Release V 1. 0 on March 9 - Milestone § § § Brings together 3 different subsystems: ECAL, HCAL, and HF Applies tower-level calibration in lookup tables Builds combined trigger tower words and streams them to Layer-2 for processing Captures inputs for DAQ readout Captures inputs and outputs at reduced rate for readout via Ethernet (for validation) § NB: All development in Vivado from the beginning § Input Features § Extensive input diagnostics o Link layer checks (reception of valid data, link speed, …) o Protocol layer checks (CRC and Hamming code verification) o Non-invasive eye-scans continuously running § Flexible FW-based input link alignment logic o Allows link alignment on any combination of input links o BC 0 latency measurement o BC 0 periodicity error counters § Input capture/playback o Data for 256 BXs (both 8 -bit trigger tower energies and feature/fine-grain bits) o 256 BXs of data can be played out once per orbit, starting with BX=0. Or repeatedly every 256 BXs 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 33

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project CTP 7 2016 Trigger Firmware – II Release V 1. 0 on March 9 - Milestone § Layer-1 Processing § Applies tower-level calibration in lookup tables o η-corrected scale o Run-time programmable over AXI bus § 16 -bit combined trigger tower word to Layer-2 o o 9 -bit: E+H trigger tower sums, 3 -bit: Energy ratio: log(E/H), log(H/E) 2 -bits: ECAL and HCAL feature/fine-grain info 1 -bit: E-over-H info, 1 -bit: Denominator Zero Flag § Layer-1 DAQ § Layer-1 implemented in 3 crates, each crate with one AMC 13 with 5 Gbps output bandwidth to DAQ (15 Gbps using 3 cards) § Captures all input data (8 -bit trigger tower energies + all feature/fine grain bits) at 100 k. Hz L 1 rate within the maximum output bandwidth of 3 AMC 13 s: o In total, 3 x 4. 1 Gbps = 12. 3 Gbps o Unpacked data + a few link diagnostic bits § DAQ chain fully integrated into CTP 7 FW v 1. 0 § AMC 13 low-level driver core also integrated § The same core that we used in October 2014 to successfully transfer data from CTP 7 AMC 13 FEROL (tests in B 14) § Core will be updated for recent BU improvements/updates/bug fixes 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 34

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project CTP 7 FPGA Architecture § Uses a ZYNQ So. C device as the Gb. E endpoint and utility/support device, and a V 7690 T as the main processing device § Uses AXI as the interconnect interface (not IPbus) § AXI with an embedded processor (ARM or Microblaze) is a mainstream design flow in the Xilinx tool set § ARM processor (in ZYNQ) at head of hierarchy, AXI bridge extends connection into V 7 § Embedded Linux runs on the ARM § Not intended to replace the control PCs § Opens up new possibilities for operation and maintenance 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 35

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Integrated Eye Scan (ZYNQ-based Application Example) § Familiar Eye Scan diagrams available in IBERT § Scanning engine ported to CTP 7 ZYNQ § Low-latency access to links via AXI interface § Parallel Eye Scans in ~same time as a single scan § Runs in parallel in CTP 7 FW during data-taking 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 36

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project CTP 7 Software Releases § Test Release § Features: Linux, data access o Peek/Poke Registers Dump/Fill Memories § Status: Done – used in May integration tests § Commissioning release § Features: Client / Server TCP/IP software for RCT test & readout o AXI memory device driver, ctp 7 Server, ctp 7 Client § Status: Done – Used in July integration tests § Initial Operations and Low Luminosity Releases § Features : Full support of Stage-1 use with Trigger Supervisor, Stage-2 testing § Status: Command Line Interface version Done; Awaiting TS integration; Routine use for both Stage-1 & 2 § Mid/High Luminosity Releases § § § Releases for operations in 2016 and beyond Status: In development Core: memsvc, rpcsvc done Application: CLI in develop. TS version to start in May 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 37

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Stage-2/Layer-1 DQM § Tower level plots already available in DQM § § Currently using ECAL and HCAL TPGs read out from TCC/HTR Will retrofit the same code to use CTP 7 DAQ when ready Occupancy, for hot-tower identification + possible inefficiencies Will add new bit-errors monitoring (TPG vs CTP 7 compare) 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 38

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Stage-2 Commissioning System being built up at P 5 Current status - Layer 1: 22/36 CTP 7 s - Layer 2: 11* MP 7 s - Demux: 1 MP 7 - μGT: 1 MP 7 Layer 1 Three crates with 10 CTP 7 s 12 more CTP 7 s at CERN 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 39

LHC CMS Detector Upgrade Project Trigger Upgrade Summary § Muon Port Cards commissioned, operating § Endcap Muon track-Finder System in production § Endcap Muon track-Finder pre-production prototypes operating at CERN § Endcap Muon Trigger preliminary firmware and software operating at CERN § Stage-1 Calorimeter Trigger firmware and software operating at CERN. § Stage-2 Calorimeter Trigger production complete § Stage-2 Calorimeter Trigger final installation and commissioning underway § Stage-2 Calorimeter Trigger operational firmware and preliminary software operating at CERN 25 Mar. 2015, Wesley Smith PMG: Trigger Update 40