Levels of Cellular Organization BY MS ETHRIDGE MS

Levels of Cellular Organization BY MS. ETHRIDGE, MS. MILSTEAD, MS. MYERS, MS. PALERMO

Objectives �Define cell organization. �Illustrate levels of cell organization. �Differentiate types of cell organization within the body.

Key Terms �Cell: The smallest organized unit of a living organism. �Organelle: A structure inside the cell that helps it survive. �Protoplasm: All the living material found in a cell capable of carrying on all the life processes.

Why is Cellular Organization Important? �Living organisms need to do things in order to survive. �Different parts of the body take care of chores to keep itself running. �All parts work together in harmony to keep the animal alive.

Atom �The most basic unit of matter. Essentially the building blocks of everything in the universe. Can be neutral, negative, or positively charged A group of atoms is called a molecule

Molecule �A group of two or more atoms held together with a neutrally charged covalent bond. May consist of like atoms (O 2) or several different atoms (H 2 O) Too small to be seen with the naked eye

Cell �Basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Smallest classified living thing. “The Building Block of Life” Can be single celled or multicellular �Two types: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Prokaryotic are usually independent Eukaryotic are inside multicellular organisms

Tissue �A group of cells (not necessarily identical) that perform the same function. Four types of animal tissue: Connective, Muscle, Nervous, and Epithelial

Connective Tissue �Fibrous, nonliving material �Gives shape to organs and holds them in place. �Examples: Blood and Bone

Muscle Tissue �Most active tissue Contractile: has the ability to contract and expand Produces force and movement �Separated into three different categories: Visceral/Smooth: inner lining of organs Skeletal: Attaches to bones to create movement Cardiac: Found in the heart used to pump blood throughout the body

Nervous Tissue �Transmits communication throughout the body. Two Types: � Central Nervous System: Forms the brain and spinal cord � Peripheral Nervous System: Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves as well as the motor neurons

Epithelial Tissue �Covers organ surfaces Provides barrier between exterior and interior of organism Can specialize in secretion and absorption Protection from microorganisms, injury, and fluid loss

Organ �A group of tissues joined together to serve a common function. Classified into two types: � Parenchyma: Main tissue, unique for the specific organ Ex. Myocardium in the heart � Sporadic: Stroma, Include nerves, blood, and connective tissues

Organ System �Also called a biological system or body system Two or more organs working together to perform a specific task Ex. Muscle and Skeletal create Musculoskeletal System Eleven major organ systems in animals: � Circulatory, Digestive, Endocrine, Excretory, Immune, Integumentary, Muscular, Nervous, Reproductive, Respiratory, Skeletal

Organism �A contiguous living system such as an animal or plant. It is a complex system that has the ability to reproduce and sustain life.

Review �Define cell organization. �Illustrate levels of cell organization. �Differentiate types of cell organization within the body.